Table 2 Association between participants’ demographic factors and risk of prehypertension and hypertension among non-fracture group: bivariate analysis (n = 2,441)

Gender

Male vs. female

2.22 (1.85, 2.67)

1.58 (1.27, 1.95)

1.96 (1.66, 2.32)

Age (years)

Per SD increase^±

2.35 (2.09, 2.64)

6.17 (5.15, 7.39)

2.98 (2.67, 3.32)

Body mass index (kg/m²)

≥35 vs. < 25

2.98 (2.20, 4.03)

2.71 (1.88, 3.90)

2.89 (2.18, 3.83)

Physical activity (MET-hours/week)

Quartile 4 vs. 1

0.93 (0.67, 1.28)

0.70 (0.47, 1.04)

0.84 (0.63, 1.13)

Total fat intake (g/day)

Quartile 4 vs. 1

1.05 (0.81, 1.36)

0.55 (0.40, 0.75)

0.84 (0.66, 1.07)

Alcohol intake (drinks/day)

≥3 vs. 1-2

1.06 (0.84, 1.33)

0.74 (0.55, 1.01)

0.96 (0.77, 1.18)

History of diabetes

Yes vs. no

4.38 (2.85, 6.74)

7.62 (4.91, 11.83)

5.48 (3.64, 8.24)

Race

Mexican American vs. Non-Hispanic White

0.67 (0.54, 0.85)

0.46 (0.34, 0.61)

0.59 (0.48, 0.73)

Hispanic vs. Non-Hispanic White

0.61 (0.38, 0.98)

0.50 (0.28, 0.92)

0.57 (0.37, 0.88)

Non-Hispanic Black vs. Non-Hispanic White

1.37 (1.09, 1.73)

1.49 (1.15, 1.94)

1.41 (1.14, 1.75)

Others vs. Non-Hispanic White

0.54 (0.34, 0.84)

0.43 (0.24, 0.77)

0.50 (0.33, 0.74)

Smokers

Current vs. never

1.02 (0.65, 1.59)

0.87 (0.52, 1.47)

0.96 (0.64, 1.44)

Past vs. never

2.01 (1.27, 3.18)

1.85 (1.09, 3.14)

1.95 (1.29, 2.95)