Table 1 Values for goniometer-set and SMA-derived arm elevation angles (mean ± sd)

Right arm flexion

Left arm flexion

Right arm abduction

Left arm abduction

Arm-by-side* (right: 1 ± 1, left: 2 ± 2)

14 ± 3^a

15 ± 5^a

Arm-by-side* (right: 7 ± 2, left: 6 ± 2)

13 ± 3^a

14 ± 5^a

30

33 ± 5^b

33 ± 5^b

30

27 ± 6^b

31 ± 5

45

46 ± 4

45 ± 5

45

44 ± 5

46 ± 5

60

59 ± 4

59 ± 6

60

59 ± 6

59 ± 6

90

83 ± 5^a

80 ± 6^a

90

83 ± 5^a

83 ± 5^a

120

110 ± 4^a

108 ± 5^a

120

111 ± 4^a

108 ± 5^a

150

134 ± 5^a

132 ± 6^a

150

135 ± 4^a

130 ± 4^a

Maximal active ROM* (right: 164 ± 5, left: 165 ± 4)

147 ± 5^a

145 ± 6^a

Maximal active ROM* (right: 169 ± 4, left: 170 ± 4)

a₁Θ = 149 ± 5^a

a₁Θ = 145 ± 6^a