Table 2 Mean values and the average responses for all variables
| Â | Baseline | During the stressful task | Response* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Mean (SD) | 0–10 min Mean (SD) | 10–20 min Mean (SD) | 20–30 min Mean (SD) | 30–40 min Mean (SD) | 40–50 min Mean (SD) | 50–60 min Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
Surface electromyography | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Trapezius (μV) | 6.2 (6.2) | 11.8 (13.7) | 12.0 (12.8) | 11.6 (13.8) | 10.5 (11.3) | 11.2 (12.4) | 10.7 (11.8) | 5.1 (11.4) |
   Splenius (μV) | 5.3 (3.2) | 4.7 (2.7) | 4.6 (2.3) | 4.6 (2.6) | 4.5 (3.0) | 4.6 (3.5) | 4.6 (3.1) | -0.7 (3.1) |
   Temporalis (μV) | 6.5 (3.2) | 6.4 (4.7) | 7.0 (6.1) | 6.6 (5.6) | 7.1 (5.2) | 7.3 (5.5) | 7.2 (5.1) | 0.5 (5.4) |
   Frontalis (μV) | 8.0 (5.9) | 11.1 (5.8) | 11.1 (6.1) | 11.0 (6.6) | 11.3 (6.4) | 11.1 (6.5) | 11.4 (6.5) | 3.2 (4.8) |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 112 (16) | 126 (17) | 122 (16) | 122 (15) | 123 (15) | 123 (15) | 125 (15) | 11.4 (7.8) |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 62 (11) | 72 (13) | 69 (13) | 69 (11) | 71 (12) | 70 (11) | 71 (10) | 8.6 (5.0) |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 71 (8) | 75 (10) | 74 (9) | 73 (9) | 72 (9) | 72 (9) | 72 (8) | 2.3 (4.3) |
Respiration (breaths/min) | 15 (3) | 17 (3) | 17 (3) | 16 (3) | 16 (3) | 16 (3) | 16 (3) | 1.5 (2.5) |
Skin blood flow (au) | 279 (112) | 248 (122) | 251 (130) | 246 (127) | 249 (126) | 237 (127) | 229 (120) | -35.3 (56.7) |
Pain (VAS 0–100 mm) |  | 10 min | 20 min | 30 min | 40 min | 50 min | 60 min |  |
   Maximal location (mm) | 2.4 (6.1) | 3.0 (5.3) | 3.6 (5.8) | 6.7 (11.1) | 9.0 (14.4) | 11.9 (15.5) | 14.0 (17.1) | 15.4 (18.0) |
   Shoulder (mm) | 2.8 (6.3) | 2.4 (5.6) | 4.5 (7.0) | 5.4 (8.8) | 6.5 (12.4) | 8.7 (13.3) | 10.3 (14.4) | 12.9 (16.1) |
   Neck (mm) | 2.4 (5.1) | 3.1 (5.6) | 3.5 (6.4) | 5.0 (9.1) | 6.4 (8.2) | 8.6 (12.2) | 9.8 (11.9) | 11.5 (13.7) |
   Temples (mm) | 1.0 (2.2) | 2.3 (5.2) | 1.9 (4.1) | 3.7 (8.2) | 4.2 (9.1) | 5.6 (10.8) | 5.5 (11.7) | 7.5 (13.7) |
   Forehead (mm) | 1.1 (2.5) | 1.6 (3.3) | 2.5 (6.0) | 3.8 (8.8) | 4.2 (9.1) | 4.7 (9.5) | 5.3 (11.1) | 6.3 (12.0) |
Fatigue (VAS 0–100 mm) | 8.9 (15.3) | 7.7 (13.5) | 10.8 (14.6) | 19.0 (20.5) | 22.2 (21.2) | 29.8 (22.5) | 33.1 (25.4) | 27.2 (23.1) |
Tension (VAS 0–100 mm) | 7.0 (12.4) | 11.2 (13.2) | 12.9 (14.0) | 18.0 (19.1) | 19.4 (20.2) | 21.7 (20.6) | 25.3 (23.1) | 21.2 (21.2) |
|  |  | Recovery period | Recovery § |  |  |  | ||
Variable |  | 65–75 min | 75–85 min | 85–95 min |  |  |  |  |
Surface electromyography | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Trapezius (μV) |  | 5.4 (4.7) | 5.6 (4.5) | 6.2 (6.4) | 0.14 (7.7) |  |  |  |
   Splenius (μV) |  | 4.7 (2.7) | 4.9 (3.0) | 4.9 (3.4) | -0.33 (3.6) |  |  |  |
   Temporalis (μV) |  | 7.7 (4.9) | 7.4 (5.3) | 7.1 (4.2) | 0.68 (3.8) |  |  |  |
   Frontalis (μV) |  | 9.0 (6.9) | 8.2 (5.5) | 8.3 (5.1) | 0.26 (3.9) |  |  |  |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | Â | 123 (15) | 122 (14) | 124 (14) | 12.1 (11.7) | Â | Â | Â |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | Â | 71 (10) | 69 (9) | 71 (10) | 9.5 (6.6) | Â | Â | Â |
Heart rate (beats/min) | Â | 69 (7) | 69 (8) | 69 (8) | -1.9 (3.8) | Â | Â | Â |
Respiration (breaths/min) | Â | 14 (2) | 14 (2) | 14 (3) | -0.68 (2.7) | Â | Â | Â |
Skin blood flow (au) | Â | 215 (105) | 229 (111) | 211 (106) | -67.5 (89.1) | Â | Â | Â |
Pain (VAS 0–100 mm) |  | 75 min | 85 min | 95 min |  |  |  |  |
   Maximal location (mm) |  | 6.9 (15.2) | 7.6 (14.9) | 5.8 (13.5) | 3.3 (11.4) |  |  |  |
   Shoulder (mm) |  | 6.2 (15.0) | 6.2 (14.9) | 5.3 (13.7) | 2.5 (11.4) |  |  |  |
   Neck (mm) |  | 5.5 (11.0) | 6.1 (12.5) | 5.5 (11.5) | 3.0 (10.1) |  |  |  |
   Temples (mm) |  | 1.9 (5.9) | 1.7 (4.5) | 1.7 (5.2) | 0.67 (4.7) |  |  |  |
   Forehead (mm) |  | 2.2 (6.1) | 1.8 (4.5) | 1.8 (5.1) | 0.63 (4.6) |  |  |  |
Fatigue (VAS 0–100 mm) |  | 17.2 (20.2) | 17.5 (21.8) | 15.0 (20.2) | 6.7 (19.3) |  |  |  |
Tension (VAS 0–100 mm) |  | 8.2 (16.0) | 8.1 (16.5) | 4.8 (12.0) | -1.4 (12.0) |  |  |  |