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Table 2 Kinetics and kinematics during gait, step activity and cross-over hop.

From: Knee kinematics and kinetics in former soccer players with a 16-year-old ACL injury – the effects of twelve weeks of knee-specific training

 

Reference group Corresponding side

ACL group injured side at baseline

ACL group injured side at 12 w follow-up

P-value

GAIT

    

VGRF (BW) a

1.09 ± 0.1

1.12 ± 0.1

1.12 ± 0.1

0.448

Peak knee flexion at loading response (degrees)

17 ± 3

18 ± 4

18 ± 3

0.097

Knee extensor moment (Nm/kg), (internal moment)

0.42 ± 0.1

0.44 ± 0.2

0.49 ± 0.2

0.197

STEP ACTIVITY

    

VGRF (BW) b

1.59 ± 0.2

1.66 ± 0.1

1.58 ± 0.2

0.119

Peak knee flexion of supporting limb (degrees)

52 ± 6

48 ± 9

50 ± 9

0.130

Knee extensor moment (Nm/kg), (internal moment)

0.56 ± 0.2

0.44 ± 0.3

0.54 ± 0.2

0.084

CROSS-OVER HOP

    

VGRF (BW) b

1.88 ± 0.1

1.86 ± 0.2

1.85 ± 0.2

0.337

Peak knee flexion during landing (degrees)

49 ± 7

44 ± 6

48 ± 5

0.015

Knee extensor moment (Nm/kg), (internal moment)

1.49 ± 0.4

1.28 ± 0.5

1.55 ± 0.6

0.008

  1. a) VGRF in gait was measured during the first 25% of the gait cycle. b) VGRF in step and cross over hop were measured during the initial contact with the force plate of the step over limb.
  2. Mean ± SD for kinetics and kinematics during gait, step activity, cross-over hop for the reference group and the ACL group before and after the 12 week training programme. The paired samples t-test was used to compare the ACL group at baseline and at the 12 week follow-up.