Table 4 Univariate analyses for factors from the MD and MRI data sheets associated with a diagnosis of LSS
LSS (-) (n = 97) | LSS (+) (n = 137) | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) > 50 | 20.6% | 94.9% | 71.50 | 28.9 – 176.9 | < 0.001 |
Gender (Female) | 42.0% | 54.0% | 1.60 | 0.95 – 2.71 | 07 |
Symptoms | |||||
Leg pain or numbness (+) | 87.6% | 94.9% | 2.62 | 0.99 – 6.93 | 0.045 |
Low back pain (+) | 72.2% | 65.0% | 0.72 | 0.41 – 1.26 | 0.245 |
Worse when walking but relieved by taking a rest | 18.6% | 94.2% | 70.77 | 29.39 – 170.4 | < 0.001 |
Numbness in both legs (+) | 15.5% | 24.8% | 1.80 | 0.92 – 3.54 | 0.083 |
Numbness in the soles of both feet (+) | 13.4% | 20.4% | 1.66 | 0.81 – 3.40 | 0.163 |
Numbness around the buttocks (+) | 9.3% | 15.3% | 77 | 77 – 4.05 | 173 |
Numbness without pain | 8.2% | 11.7% | 1.53 | 0.63 – 3.75 | 0.344 |
A burning sensation around the buttocks | 6.2% | 8.2% | 0.94 | 0.32 – 2.80 | 0.912 |
Walking nearly causes urination | 3.1% | 5.1% | 1.69 | 0.43 – 6.70 | 0.452 |
Worse when standing for a while | 24.7% | 84.7% | 11.38 | 6.20 – 20.91 | < 0.001 |
Symptoms improve on bending forward | 8.1% | 72.3% | 25.47 | 11.66 – 55.64 | < 0.001 |
Physical Examination | |||||
Straight Leg Raising test positive | 33.0% | 21.9% | 0.57 | 0.32 – 1.02 | 0.058 |
Symptoms induced by having patients bend forward (+) | 30.9% | 20.4% | 0.57 | 0.32 – 1.04 | 0.067 |
Symptoms induced by having patients bend backward (+) | 53.6% | 62.0% | 1.38 | 0.81 – 2.35 | 0.229 |
Abnormal manual muscle strength test 1) | 8.2% | 10.2% | 1.27 | 0.51 – 3.15 | 0.611 |
Sensory disturbance | |||||
(-) | 57.7% | 49.6% | reference | ||
(+) 2) | 37.1% | 45.3% | 1.40 | 0.82 – 2.38 | 0.214 |
Missing data | 5.2% | 5.1% | 0.99 | 0.30 – 3.22 | 0.988 |
Achilles tendon reflex | |||||
Normal | 51.5% | 48.2% | reference | ||
Abnormal 3) | 43.3% | 46.7% | 1.15 | 0.68 – 1.94 | 0.605 |
Missing data | 5.2% | 5.1% | 0.99 | 0.30 – 3.22 | 0.988 |
Patellar tendon reflex | |||||
Normal | 70.1% | 62.8% | reference | ||
Abnormal 3) | 24.7% | 32.1% | 1.44 | 0.80 – 2.58 | 0.221 |
Missing data | 5.2% | 5.1% | 0.99 | 0.30 – 3.22 | 0.988 |