Mean (SD) original values | Mean (SD) change | Unadjusted analyses | Adjusted analyses | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZA | Placebo | ZA | Placebo | Difference | P | Difference | P* | |
n = 20 | n = 20 | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | |||||
Intensity of LBP | ||||||||
Baseline | 6.6 (1.4) | 6.8 (1.6) | ||||||
1 month | 4.3 (2.3) | 5.8 (2.2) | −2.2 (2.7) | −0.9 (2.1) | 1.3 (−0.2 to 2.8) | 0.097 | 1.4 (0.01 to 2.9) | 0.049 |
12 months | 3.8 (2.5) | 4.6 (2.9) | −2.8 (2.9) | −2.2 (2.5) | 0.6 (−1.1 to 2.4) | 0.474 | 0.7 (−1.0 to 2.4) | 0.387 |
Intensity of leg paina | ||||||||
Baseline | 3.0 (3.1) | 2.9 (2.3) | ||||||
1 month | 2.0 (2.3) | 3.0 (2.4) | −0.6 (2.4) | 0.1 (2.6) | 0.8 (−0.9 to 2.4) | 0.367 | 0.8 (−0.6 to 2.2) | 0.237 |
12 months | 2.1 (2.8) | 2.7 (2.6) | −0.9 (3.4) | −0.3 (3.0) | 0.6 (−1.5 to 2.7) | 0.573 | 0.5 (−1.3 to 2.2) | 0.573 |
Oswestry disability index, % | ||||||||
Baseline | 30 (11) | 35 (10) | ||||||
1 month | 24 (10) | 33 (13) | −5.9 (11) | −1.7 (9.7) | 4.3 (−2.5 to 11) | 0.212 | 6.0 (−0.6 to 13) | 0.071 |
12 months | 25 (13) | 33 (15) | −5.0 (15) | −1.9 (12) | 3.1 (−5.6 to 12) | 0.475 | 5.1 (−3.4 to 14) | 0.231 |
Fingers-to-floor, cm | ||||||||
Baseline | 23 (19) | 19 (18) | ||||||
1 month | 17 (17) | 19 (17) | −5.1 (20) | −0.1 (8.3) | 5.0 (−4.8 to 15) | 0.306 | 3.6 (−5.0 to 12) | 0.403 |
12 months | 16 (16) | 20 (19) | −6.3 (23) | 0.9 (11) | 7.1 (−4.3 to 18) | 0.215 | 5.3 (−4.5 to 15) | 0.277 |
Sidebending to right, cm | ||||||||
Baseline | 14.1 (4.9) | 13.8 (7.2) | ||||||
1 month | 15.7 (5.9) | 13.3 (6.9) | 1.5 (4.7) | −0.5 (2.2) | −2.0 (−4.3 to 0.4) | 0.101 | −2.0 (−4.4 to 0.3) | 0.087 |
12 months | 15.7 (5.6) | 13.8 (6.5) | 1.6 (4.8) | −0.1 (3.5) | −1.6 (−4.3 to 1.1) | 0.227 | −1.7 (−4.2 to 0.8) | 0.180 |
Sidebending to left, cm | ||||||||
Baseline | 15.0 (5.4) | 13.3 (5.5) | ||||||
1 month | 16.1 (5.3) | 12.8 (5.9) | 1.1 (3.0) | −0.5 (2.2) | −1.5 (−3.2 to 0.1) | 0.072 | −1.7 (−3.4 to 0.0) | 0.051 |
12 months | 16.2 (6.7) | 13.7 (5.7) | 1.2 (5.3) | 0.5 (3.2) | −0.7 (−3.5 to 2.1) | 0.601 | −1.0 (−3.8 to 1.8) | 0.458 |