Primary open anterior shoulder stabilization: a long-term, retrospective cohort study on the impact of subscapularis muscle alterations on recurrence

Table 4 Functional scores at follow-up

	Abnormal histology (N = 12*)†	Normal histology (N = 23)†	Mean difference‡ (95% CI)	P Value**
Constant	91.9 (80-100)	93.2 (58-100)	-1.3 (-7.6; 5.1)	0.482
Gain	11.6	10.8	-0.8 (-4.6; 6.2)	0.868
Rowe	78.8 (40-100)	92.0 (45-100)	-13.2 (-30.2; 3.8)	0.271
ASES	93.2 (73-100)	93.1 (43-100)	0.1 (-8.7; 8.7)	0.311
SANE	90.3 (80-100)	87.9 (50-100)	2.4 (-6.5; 11.3)	0.873

*Except for Constant-Murley shoulder score and related gain, N = 11; see Methods section for explanation.
†Values are expressed as mean (range).
‡Mean difference between scores of patients with abnormal and normal histology.
**P values were obtained by using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Abnormal histology is defined as histopathologic changes within the substance of the subscapularis muscle compatible with a scarring process associated with disuse atrophy. Normal histology is defined as the absence of the above-mentioned anomalies. 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. Constant: Constant-Murley shoulder score. Gain, gain between preoperative and postoperative Constant-Murley shoulder scores. Rowe, Rowe shoulder score. ASES, American shoulder and elbow surgeons shoulder assessment. SANE, single assessment numeric evaluation rating.

ISSN: 1471-2474