Pain (measured with: Pain VAS from 0 to 100 [worse pain]; Better indicated by lower values)
|
3
|
randomised trials
|
no serious limitations
|
serious1
|
no serious indirectness
|
serious2
|
none
|
99
|
143
|
MD 23.01 lower (44.13 to 1.88 lower)
| ⊕ ⊕ ΟΟ LOW |
Functional status (measured with: Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale; Better indicated by lower values)
|
3
|
randomised trials
|
no serious limitations
|
serious3
|
no serious indirectness
|
serious2
|
none
|
99
|
143
|
SMD 0.80 lower (1.36 to 0.23 lower)
| ⊕ ⊕ ΟΟ LOW |