From: Back pain in seniors: the Back pain Outcomes using Longitudinal Data (BOLD) cohort baseline data
Independent variable | Levels | Dependent variable: RMDQ (0–24) | Dependent variable: back pain intensity (0–10) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Coef* (95% CI) | P-value | Coef* (95% CI) | P-value |
Site | Boston | Ref | <0.001 | Ref | <0.001 |
 | Detroit | 5.22 (4.56, 5.88) | 1.26 (0.96, 1.56) | ||
 | N. CA | 3.30 (2.77, 3.82) | 0.59 (0.35, 0.83) | ||
Age | (Per year) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.05) | 0.048 | 0.00 (-0.01, 0.01) | 0.983 |
Sex | Male | Ref | <0.001 | Ref | <0.001 |
 | Female | 1.10 (0.73, 1.46) | 0.50 (0.34, 0.67) | ||
Hispanic | Yes | Ref | 0.578 | Ref | 0.087 |
 | No | -0.24 (-1.10, 0.62) | -0.34 (-0.73, 0.05) | ||
Race | Black or African American | Ref | 0.011 | Ref | <0.001 |
 | Native American Indian/Alaskan/Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | -0.13 (-1.93, 1.67) | -0.05 (-0.88, 0.77) | ||
 | Asian | -0.29 (-1.25, 0.68) | -0.50 (-0.94, -0.06) | ||
 | Caucasian | -0.76 (-1.27, -0.25) | -0.72 (-0.96, -0.49) | ||
 | Other | 0.16 (-0.79, 1.10) | -0.51 (-0.94, -0.07) | ||
Education | Less than high school graduate | Ref | <0.001 | Ref | <0.001 |
 | High school graduate/obtained a GED/Vocational, technical, or trade school | -1.13 (-1.87, -0.39) | -0.35 (-0.69, -0.02) | ||
 | Some college | -2.20 (-2.96, -1.44) | -0.40 (-0.75, -0.06) | ||
 | Four year college graduate | -2.99 (-3.78, -2.20) | -0.80 (-1.16, -0.44) | ||
 | Professional or graduate degree | -3.04 (-3.85, -2.23) | -1.05 (-1.42, -0.68) | ||
Marital | Married/living with a partner | Ref | 0.386 | Ref | 0.086 |
 | Separated/divorced | 0.20 (-0.34, 0.73) | 0.07 (-0.17, 0.32) | ||
 | Never married and presently single | 0.45 (-0.31, 1.21) | 0.25 (-0.10, 0.60) | ||
 | Widowed | 0.33 (-0.12, 0.78) | 0.25 (0.04, 0.45) | ||
Employment | Working full-time/part-time | Ref | <0.001 | Ref | 0.003 |
 | Retired (not due to ill health) | 0.86 (0.33, 1.38) | 0.30 (0.06, 0.54) | ||
 | Retired or disabled because of ill health | 3.90 (2.82, 4.99) | 0.87 (0.38, 1.37) | ||
 | Other | 0.60 (-0.33, 1.54) | 0.08 (-0.34, 0.51) | ||
Legal rep. | Yes | Ref | 0.059 | Ref | 0.115 |
 | No | -2.00 (-4.07, 0.08) | -0.76 (-1.71, 0.19) | ||
Smoking status | Never Smoked | Ref | <0.001 | Ref | 0.012 |
 | Quit smoking over a year ago | 0.39 (0.04, 0.74) | 0.13 (-0.03, 0.29) | ||
 | Current smoker/quit less than a year ago | 1.46 (0.77, 2.15) | 0.45 (0.14, 0.77) | ||
ICD9 code | Non-specific | Ref | <0.001 | Ref | 0.051 |
 | Back and Leg | 1.00 (0.59, 1.42) | -0.04 (-0.23, 0.15) | ||
 | Spinal Stenosis | 1.08 (0.35, 1.81) | -0.46 (-0.79, -0.13) | ||
 | Others | -0.75 (-1.46, -0.05) | -0.14 (-0.47, 0.18) | ||
Pain duration | 0 - 1Â month | Ref | <0.001 | Ref | <0.001 |
 | 1 - 3 month | 0.62 (0.16, 1.08) | 0.13 (-0.08, 0.34) | ||
 | 3 - 6 month | 0.61 (-0.07, 1.30) | 0.33 (0.02, 0.65) | ||
 | 6 - 12 month | 1.07 (0.35, 1.78) | 0.42 (0.10, 0.75) | ||
 | 1 - 5 years | 1.80 (1.29, 2.31) | 0.46 (0.23, 0.69) | ||
 | > 5 years | 2.03 (1.56, 2.50) | 0.53 (0.31, 0.74) | ||
Time from index visit to assessment (per day, 0–21) | -0.04 (-0.08, -0.00) | 0.029 | -0.07 (-0.08, -0.05) | <0.001 |