Table 1 Potential predictors of hospitalisation for Herniated lumbar disc disease during the period 1977–2003 among 3,833 men without history of any back disease at baseline in 1970–71
Herniated lumbar disc disease, n (%) | Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
Physical fitness (VO2Max) | ||
Low, - 32 (n= 2055) | 34 (1.7%) | 1 (reference) |
High, 33 + (n= 1778) | 30 (1.7%) | 0.85 (0.51-1.40) |
Ergonomic load to the back | ||
Low (n=3,073) | 47 (1.5%) | 1 (reference) |
Medium (n=582) | 13 (2.2%) | 1.54 (0.83-2.84) |
High (n = 79) | 3 (3.8%) | 2.80 (0.87-9.0) |
Strenuous work | ||
Seldom/never (n = 2,328) | 26 (1.1%) | 1 (reference) |
Occasionally (n= 1,186) | 26 (2.2%) | 2.09 (1.21-3.61) |
Often (n= 247) | 10 (4.0%) | 3.95 (1.90-8.20) |
Leisure time physical activity | ||
Low (n= 647) | 13 (2.0%) | 1 (reference) |
Medium (n = 2,710) | 43 (1.6%) | 0.72 (0.38-1.33) |
High (n = 365) | 7 (1.9%) | 0.78 (0.31-1.97) |
Social class | ||
I (n = 676) | 8 (1.2%) | 1 (reference) |
II (n = 395) | 5 (1.3%) | 1.06 (0.34-3.24) |
III (n = 717) | 13 (1.8%) | 1.58 (0.65-3.82) |
IV (n = 1,542) | 28 (1.8%) | 1.57 (0.71-3.46) |
V (n = 497) | 10 (2.0%) | 2.22 (0.87-5.65) |
Height, cm | ||
- 171 (n = 1,283) | 12 (0.9%) | 1 (reference) |
172-177 (n = 1,355) | 29 (2.1%) | 2.06 (1.05-4.05) |
178 + (n = 1,186) | 21 (1.8%) | 1.60 (0.78-3.26) |
Weight, kg | ||
- 72 (n = 1,282) | 14 (1.1%) | 1 (reference) |
73-80 (n = 1,278) | 21 (1.6%) | 1.51 (0.77-2.98) |
81 + (n = 1,271) | 29 (2.3%) | 2.15 (1.13-4.07) |
BMI, kg*m –2 | ||
- 25 (n = 1,858) | 28 (1.5%) | 1 (reference) |
> 25–29.9 (n = 1,712) | 31 (1.8%) | 1.30 (0.78-2.17) |
30 + (n = 250) | 3 (1.2%) | 0.95 (0.28-3.12) |
Under mental stress at work | ||
Seldom (n = 3,002) | 54 (1.8%) | 1 (reference) |
Regularly (n = 821) | 10 (1.2%) | 0.64 (0.32-1.26) |
Under mental stress in leisure time | ||
Seldom (n = 3,574) | 62 (1.7%) | 1 (reference) |
Regularly (n= 249) | 2 (0.8%) | 0.47 (0.11-1.94) |
Use of sedatives | ||
Never (n = 2,998) | 51 (1.7%) | 1 (reference) |
Regularly/occasionally (n=827) | 13 (1.6%) | 1.08 (0.58-2.00) |
Smoking | ||
Current (n = 2798) | 41 (1.5%) | 1 (reference) |
Previously (n = 705) | 17 (2.4%) | 1.43 (0.56-3.63) |
Never (n = 328) | 6 (1.8%) | 0.95 (0.40-2.23) |
Daily alcohol use, beverages | ||
0 (n = 1,271) | 21 (1.7%) | 1 (reference) |
1-2 (n = 1,815) | 32 (1.8%) | 1.08 (0.62-1.87) |
3-5 (n = 611) | 9 (1.5%) | 1.03 (0.47-2-26) |
>= 6 (n = 123) | 2 (1.6%) | 1.22 (0.28-5.21) |