Table 4 Anomalies in other organ systems occurring with congenital limb defects a
Anomalies | Polydactyly | Syndactyly | Total reduction defects | Other CLD | Total CLDc | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 45) | (n = 29) | (n = 42) | (n = 34) | (n = 135) | |||||||
| Â | Totalb, n(%) | Preax | Postax | n(%) | Totalb, n(%) | Transv | Preax | Postax | Intercal | Total, n(%) | n(%) |
CNS and neural tube defects | 6 (4.4) | 1 | 4 | 8 (5.9) | 10 (7.4) | 7 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 6 (4.4) | 27 (20.0) |
   Hydrocephaly | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 0 | 5 (3.7) | 3 (2.2) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 (2.2) | 10 (7.4) |
   Microcephaly | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 4 (3.0) | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (3.0) |
Eye | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 (3.7) | 2 (1.5) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 (2.2) | 9 (6.7) |
Ear | 2 (1.5) | 1 | 1 | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.7) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 4 (3.0) |
Cardiovascular | 19 (14.1) | 9 | 9 | 7 (5.2) | 16 (11.9) | 9 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 17 (12.6) | 50 (37.0) |
   Tetralogy of Fallot | 2 (1.5) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.5) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.5) | 6 (4.44) |
   Atrium septum defects | 1 (0.7) | 1 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 3 (2.2) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 (2.2) | 7 (5.2) |
   Ventricular septum defects | 8 (5.9) | 4 | 3 | 4 (3.0) | 6 (4.4) | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 (4.4 | 19 (14.1) |
   Coarctation aortae | 2 (1.5) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 4 (3.0) |
Respiratory | 8 (5.9) | 2 | 4 | 3 (2.2) | 5 (3.7) | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 6 (4.4) | 19 (14.1) |
   Choanal atresia | 3 (2.2) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (2.2) |
   Lung hypoplasia | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (3.0) | 5 (3.7) |
Clefts | 7 (5.2) | 2 | 4 | 5 (3.7) | 3 (2.2) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.5) | 15 (11.1) |
   Cleft palate | 3 (2,2) | 0 | 3 | 3 (2.2) | 2 (1.5) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 8 (5.9) |
   Cleft lip | 2 (1.5) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (2.2) |
Digestive | 8 (5.9) | 1 | 6 | 3 (2.2) | 14 (10.4) | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 3 (2.2) | 25 (18.5) |
   Malformations of oesophagus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (3.0) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (3.0) |
   Atresia/stenosis large intestine | 2 (1.5) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 (3.7) | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 (5.2) |
   Anorectal atresia | 2 (1.5) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 (3.7) | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 (5.2) |
Genital | 6 (4.4) | 0 | 6 | 3 (2.2) | 10 (7.4) | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 (3.0) | 23 (17.0) |
   Female | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 (3.0) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 (3.7) |
   Male | 5 (3.7) | 0 | 5 | 3 (2.2) | 5 (3.7) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 (3.0) | 17 (12.6) |
   Hypospadias | 4 (3.0) | 0 | 4 | 3 (2.2) | 3 (2.2) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.5) | 12 (8.9) |
Urinary | 6 (4.4) | 1 | 3 | 10 (7.4) | 13 (9.6) | 6 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 8 (5.9) | 34 (25.2) |
   Renal agenesis (uni/bilateral) | 3 (2.2) | 1 | 1 | 1 (0.7) | 7 (5.2) | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 12 (8.9) |
   Cystic kidney | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 3 (2.2) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 (0.7) | 5 (3.7) |
   Potter sequence | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 2 (1.5) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 4 (3.0) |
   Hydronephrosis | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.5) | 5 (3.7) |
   Horseshoe kidney | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (2.2) | 4 (3.0) |
Abdominal wall defects | 2 (1.5) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.5) | 5 (3.7) |
   Omphalocele | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.5) | 4 (3.0) |
Other | 4 (3.0) | 2 | 2 | 3 (2.2) | 2 (1.5) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (3.0) | 12 (8.9) |