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Table 2 Age-adjusted participant characteristics according to serum UA levels in leg extension power group (n = 355)

From: An inverted J-shaped association of serum uric acid with muscle strength among Japanese adult men: a cross-sectional study

 

Serum UA quartiles, mg/dL

P 1

 

<5.4

5.4–6.0

6.1–6.8

>6.8

Participants

92

90

85

88

―

Age, years

45.9 (44.1–47.9) 2

45.4 (43.6–47.4)

44.9 (43–46.8)

45.3 (43.4–47.3)

0.58

BMI, kg/m2

22.8 (22.2–23.4)

22.9 (22.3–23.5)

23.6 (23–24.3)

24.7 (24–25.3)

<0.01

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

122 (119–125)

122 (119–125)

128 (125–131)

131 (128–134)

<0.01

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

78 (76–80)

77 (75–79)

82 (79–84)

83 (81–86)

<0.01

Education levels (≥college), %

34.8

32.2

41.2

33.0

0.90

Occupation (desk work), %

80.4

77.8

75.3

78.4

0.69

Smoking status

     

  Never, %

43.5

46.7

40.0

29.5

0.04

  Former, %

12.0

7.8

15.3

18.2

0.11

  Current, %

44.6

45.6

44.7

52.3

0.36

Drinking frequency

     

  Every day, %

17.4

26.7

28.2

35.2

<0.01

  Sometimes, %

58.7

62.2

54.1

46.6

0.05

  Never, %

23.9

11.1

17.6

18.2

0.54

Physical activity, MET hours/week

     

  ≥23, %

41.3

30.0

31.8

37.5

0.72

Metabolic syndrome, %

16.3

13.3

22.4

29.5

<0.01

Depressive symptoms, %

37.0

30.0

28.2

35.2

0.78

Daily nutrient intakes

     

  Total energy, kcal

1889 (1767–2019)

1772 (1657–1896)

1915 (1787–2053)

1947 (1819–2085)

0.27

  Protein, g

63.8 (59.2–68.8)

58.6 (54.3–63.2)

63.8 (59.0–69.0)

65.0 (60.2–70.2)

0.42

  Vitamin C, mg

84.0 (74.8–94.2)

78.5 (69.9–88.2)

79.8 (70.8–89.9)

88.0 (78.3–99.0)

0.55

  α-tocopherol, mg

6.7 (6.1–7.3)

6.2 (5.6–6.8)

6.8 (6.2–7.4)

6.8 (6.2–7.5)

0.44

  β-carotene, μg

2051 (1731–2430)

1812 (1527–2151)

2181 (1828–2601)

2224 (1870–2644)

0.27

Blood characteristics

     

  High-sensitivity CRP, mg/L

0.28 (0.23–0.35)

0.37 (0.29–0.46)

0.32 (0.25–0.40)

0.48 (0.38–0.60)

<0.01

  eGFR, mL·min-1·1.73 m-2

84.1 (81.9–86.4)

82.2 (79.9–84.5)

82.5 (80.2–84.9)

77.2 (75.1–79.4)

<0.01

  Triglyceride, mg/dL

91.4 (82.1–102)

109 (98.2–122)

111 (99.3–124)

129 (116–144)

<0.01

  HDL-C, mg/dL

54.5 (51.9–57.3)

51.1 (48.6–53.7)

51.7 (49.1–54.4)

49.5 (47.1–52.0)

0.01

  Fasting glucose, mg/dL

94.8 (92.8–97.0)

93.7 (91.6–95.8)

94.5 (92.3–96.7)

94.8 (92.6–96.9)

0.90

  1. 1 The linear trends were obtained using ANCOVA for both continuous and categorical variables.
  2. 2 Variables have been log-transformed and expressed as geometric means (95% confidence interval).
  3. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
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BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2474

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