Skip to main content

Table 1 Age-adjusted participant characteristics according to serum UA levels in grip strength group (n = 586)

From: An inverted J-shaped association of serum uric acid with muscle strength among Japanese adult men: a cross-sectional study

 

Serum UA quartiles, mg/dL

P 1

 

<5.4

5.4–6.0

6.1–6.8

>6.8

Participants

152

144

145

145

―

Age, years

46.4 (44.9–47.8) 2

45.3 (43.8–46.8)

45.1 (43.6–46.5)

45.0 (43.5–46.4)

0.18

BMI, kg/m2

22.7 (22.2–23.1)

22.9 (22.4–23.4)

23.2 (22.7–23.7)

24.8 (24.3–25.4)

<0.01

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

122 (120–124)

124 (122–126)

128 (126–131)

132 (130–135)

<0.01

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

78 (77–80)

79 (77–80)

82 (80–84)

85 (84–87)

<0.01

Education levels (≥college), %

33.6

31.3

37.9

32.4

0.91

Occupation (desk work), %

77.6

78.5

78.6

77.9

0.86

Smoking status

     

  Never, %

38.2

38.9

35.9

26.9

0.04

  Former, %

10.5

7.6

13.1

18.6

0.02

  Current, %

51.3

53.5

51.0

54.5

0.75

Drinking frequency

     

  Every day, %

17.8

32.6

31.0

37.2

<0.01

  Sometimes, %

57.9

55.6

53.8

48.3

0.06

  Never, %

24.3

11.8

15.2

14.5

0.05

Physical activity, MET hours/week

     

  ≥23, %

37.5

33.3

33.1

37.2

0.94

Metabolic syndrome, %

18.4

13.9

17.9

30.3

<0.01

Depressive symptoms, %

34.9

31.3

28.3

36.6

0.85

Daily nutrient intakes

     

  Total energy, kcal

1819 (1728–1914)

1815 (1722–1912)

1855 (1761–1954)

1888 (1792–1989)

0.26

  Protein, g

61.6 (58.1–65.2)

59.7 (56.3–63.4)

61.1 (57.6–64.8)

62.6 (59.0–66.4)

0.59

  Vitamin C, mg

78.7 (71.7–86.4)

77.9 (70.7–85.7)

75.9 (69.0–83.5)

81.5 (74.0–89.6)

0.72

  α-tocopherol, mg

6.3 (5.8–6.7)

6.2 (5.8–6.7)

6.4 (6.0–6.9)

6.5 (6.0–7.0)

0.48

  β-carotene, μg

1897 (1660–2167)

1842 (1606–2112)

1967 (1716–2254)

2128 (1857–2439)

0.18

Blood characteristics

     

  High-sensitivity CRP, mg/L

0.33 (0.28–0.39)

0.37 (0.31–0.45)

0.34 (0.29–0.41)

0.55 (0.46–0.65)

<0.01

  eGFR, mL·min-1·1.73 m-2

84.9 (83.1–86.9)

82.9 (81.0–84.8)

82.5 (80.7–84.4)

76.5 (74.8–78.3)

<0.01

  Triglyceride, mg/dL

97.1 (88.9–106)

106 (96.3–116)

115 (105–126)

137 (125–150)

<0.01

  HDL-C, mg/dL

52.9 (50.8–55.0)

50.9 (49.0–53.0)

52.0 (50.0–54.1)

50.1 (48.1–52.1)

0.16

  Fasting glucose, mg/dL

97.1 (95.0–99.1)

94.2 (92.2–96.3)

94.3 (92.3–96.4)

95.0 (93.0–97.1)

0.20

  1. 1 The linear trends were obtained using ANCOVA for both continuous and categorical variables.
  2. 2 Variables have been log-transformed and expressed as geometric means (95% confidence interval).
  3. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
Back to article page

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2474

Contact us