A systematic review of the diagnostic performance of orthopedic physical examination tests of the hip

Table 1 Diagnostic performances of independent physical test-hip pathology combinations with strong clinical diagnostic utility ^a

Study	Test	Pathology	Reference standard	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV	+LR	-LR
				(95% CI)	(95% CI)			(95% CI)	(95% CI)
				TP/ (TP+FN)	TN/ (TN+FP)			(95% CI)	(95% CI)
Khadilkar et al. 2001[20]^b	Hip Abduction Sign	Sarcoglycan opathies in patients with known muscular dystrophy	Immunocyto chemistry	0.76	0.98	0.89	0.95	34.29	0.24
				0.61-0.83	0.94-0.99			10.97 – 122.30	0.17-0.41
				16/21	88/90			10.97 – 122.30	0.17-0.41
Tiru et al. 2002[26]	Patellar-Pubic Percussion Test	Traumatic Fracture (Radiologically Occult)	Repeat Radiography, Bone Scintigraphy, MRI or CT	0.96	0.86	0.98	0.75	6.73	0.05
				0.94-0.97	0.74-0.93			3.61-14.00	0.03-0.08
				245/ 255	30/35			3.61-14.00	0.03-0.08

Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV), Positive Likelihood Ratio (+LR), Negative Likelihood Ratio (−LR), 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI), True Positives (TP), False Positives (FP), True Negatives (TN), False Negatives (FN). All values rounded to 2 decimal places.
^aStrong diagnostic utility defined as either +LR ≥ 10 or -LR ≤ 0.1 where entire 95% confidence interval satisfies these thresholds. Moderate diagnostic utility defined as +LR > 5 or -LR < 0.2 without satisfying the criteria for strong diagnostic utility.
^b10 healthy controls that tested negative with the index test were removed from our calculations.

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