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Pain-on-movement
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M. trapezius (upper part):
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Position: the subject sat on a chair and the investigator stood behind him/her and fixed his/her shoulders. The investigator determined which shoulder the subject pulled his/her head towards.
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Test: The subject pulled her/his head sideways towards the left or the right shoulder as appropriate without lifting up the shoulder at the same time.
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M. erector spinae (upper part):
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Position: The subject sat on a chair and the investigator stood behind him/her and fixed his/her shoulders with his hands. The subject’s back leaned against the back of the chair.
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Test: The subject tried to place his/her chin onto the chest without lifting up the shoulders at the same time and without losing contact with the back of the chair.
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M. levator scapulae
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Position: The subject sat on a chair with hanging arms and the investigator stood behind and fixed his/her shoulders with his hands.
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Test: The subject tried to lift the arms over the side upwards against the gentle resistance of the investigators hands.
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After each test:
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The extent of pain was evaluated in answer to the question:
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“How would you describe your neck pain during movement?”
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The subject drew a perpendicular line on the 100-mm VAS scale with anchors at 0 = “No pain at all” and 100 = “Extreme pain” to reflect the pain intensity during movement.
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The results were documented directly in the CRF.
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Pain-on-movement was defined as the average of the three VAS scores measured with the three muscle tests.
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Pain-at-rest
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The subject stood in an upright position for one minute, relatively motionless.
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The extent of pain is evaluated in answer to the question:
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“How would you describe your neck pain right now?”
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The subject drew a perpendicular line on the 100-mm VAS scale with anchors at 0 = “No pain at all” and 100 = “Extreme pain” to reflect the pain intensity at rest.
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The results were documented directly in the CRF.
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