coalition | x-ray | CT | MRI |
---|---|---|---|
calcaneonavicular | osseous bridging | not necessary | not necessary |
talonavicular | osseous bridging | not necessary | not necessary |
talocalcaneal | - talar beak navicular overriding the talus | coronal and axial planes | T1 and T2 sequences |
- osseous coalitions bony bridging | - bony coalition | ||
- C sign bony bridging between talus and calcaneal sustentaculum | |||
- fibrous coalition | |||
- cartilaginous coalition | |||
- non-osseous coalitions facet narrowing, reactive changes (e. g. cysts, hypertrophy), downward slope or broadening of sustentaculum | fat suppressed sequence (STIR) | ||
- narrowing of the posterior subtalar joint | |||
- bone marrow edema (fracture) | |||
- rounding of the lateral talar process | |||
- lack of depiction of the middle facets on the lateral radiograph | |||
- short talar neck | |||
- dysmorphic sustentaculum tali | |||
Combination of signs sensitivity/specifity 100 %/ 88 % |