Table 3 Table of description of main aspects of studies

Exercise

Goren et al. (2010)

n = 34

1 Exercise and ultrasound

ODI

2 Exercise and sham ultrasound

Koc et al. (2009)

n = 29

1 Exercise and electrotherapy

RMQ

2 Exercise and epidural steroid

3 Exercise only

Malmivaara et al. (2007)

n = 44

1 Exercise

ODI

Pua et al. (2007)

n = 68

1 Treadmill

mODI, RMQ

2 Cycling

Sahin et al. (2009)

n = 45

1 Exercise

RMQ

2 Exercise and calcitonin

Whitman et al. (2006)

n = 58

1 Flexion exercise and walking

mODI

2 Exercise and manual therapy

Decompressive surgery

Athiviraham & Yen (2007)

n = 54

1 Bilateral laminectomy

RMQ

Cavusoglu et al. (2007)

n = 50

1 Laminectomy

ODI

Chopko & Caraway (2010)

n = 78

1 Minimally invasive decompression

ODI

Malmivaara et al. (2007)

n = 50

1 Segmental decompression

ODI

Sobottke et al. (2010)

n = 25

1 Minimally invasive decompression

ODI

Thome et al. (2005)

n = 40

1 Bilateral laminotomy

RMQ

2 Unilateral laminotomy

3 Laminectomy

Weinstein et al. (2008)

n = 398

1 Laminectomy

mODI

Yasar et al. (2009)

n = 125

1 Laminectomy

ODI