|
Group
|
Yield load (N)
|
Ultimate load (N)
|
Displacement at yield (mm)
|
Displacement at ultimate (mm)
|
Stiffness (N/mm)
|
Work to failure (J)
|
|---|
|
Control
|
126.24 ± 8.01*
|
235.1 ± 38.6*
|
0.791 ± 0.051*
|
1.888 ± 0.245*
|
254.0 ± 64.4*
|
0.491 ± 0.045*
|
|
Smoke
|
96.24 ± 14.67
|
172.9 ± 15.9
|
0.721 ± 0.043
|
1.475 ± 0.136
|
198.6 ± 42.3
|
0.398 ± 0.054
|
|
Smoke + L-EPF
|
117.43 ± 17.09*
|
225.1 ± 38.6*
|
0.782 ± 0.052*
|
1.723 ± 0.167*
|
238.2 ± 54.7*
|
0.466 ± 0.039*
|
|
Smoke + M-EPF
|
115.52 ± 15.12*
|
238.1 ± 36.2*
|
0.786 ± 0.058*
|
1.779 ± 0.138*
|
248.2 ± 46.2*
|
0.465 ± 0.077*
|
|
Smoke + H-EPF
|
128.52 ± 16.39*
|
245.8 ± 38.2*
|
0.795 ± 0.060*
|
1.783 ± 0.196*
|
258.2 ± 35.5*
|
0.488 ± 0.063*
|
- Mean ± SD (n = 10 in each group).
- *P < 0.05 compared to smoke-exposed rats.
