Table 2 Association of clinical variables with 90-day mortality in univariate analyses and multivariable analyses adjusted for each variable of interest and the type of surgery (TSA versus hemiarthroplasty)

Gender

   Female (n = 2, 250)

14/2, 236 (1%)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

   Male (n = 1, 769)

14/1, 755 (1%)

1.27 (0.61, 2.68)

0.52

1.50 (0.71, 3.17)

0.29

Age

   ≤ 60 (n = 1, 255)

6/1, 249 (0.5%)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

   61-70 (n = 1, 213)

6/1, 207 (0.5%)

1.04 (0.33, 3.22)

0.95

1.34 (0.43, 4.19)

0.62

   ≥ 70 (n = 1, 551)

16/1, 535 (1%)

2.17 (0.85, 5.56)

0.11

2.40 (0.94, 6.17)

0.07

Body Mass Index (BMI) ^a

   < 24.9 (n = 809)

13/796 (2%)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

   25-29.9 (n = 1, 094)

7/1, 087 (1%)

0.40 (0.16, 1.00)

0.05

0.46 (0.18, 1.16)

0.10

   ≥ 30 (n = 1, 224)

4/1, 220 (0.3%)

0.20 (0.07, 0.62)

0.005

0.25 (0.08, 0.78)

0.02

ASA class ^b

   ASA 1, 2 (n = 1, 725)

5/1, 720 (0.3%)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

   ASA 3 (n = 1, 248)

15/1, 233 (1%)

4.19 (1.52, 11.55)

0.006

3.57 (1.29, 9.91)

0.01

   ASA 4 (n = 33)

2/31 (6%)

22.19 (4.15, 118.83)

0.0003

13.44 (2.44, 73.86)

0.003

Deyo-Charlson Index

   Index = 0 (n = 2, 275)

3/2, 272 (0.1%)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

   Index ≥1 (n = 1, 744)

25/1, 719 (1%)

11.01 (3.32, 36.50)

< 0.001

9.99 (3.01, 33.19)

0.0002

Diagnosis

   RA, osteoarthritis, trauma and other^c (n = 3, 837)

14/3823 (0.4%)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

   Tumor (n = 182)

14/168 (8%)

22.76 (10.68, 48.50)

< 0.001

16.18 (7.10, 36.85)

< 0.001

Diagnosis

   RA, osteoarthritis, tumor and other^c (n = 3152)

23/3152 (1%)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

   Trauma (n = 867)

5/867 (1%)

0.79 (0.30, 2.08)

0.63

0.52 (0.20, 1.40)

0.20

Cement

No cement (n = 677)

4/673 (1%)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

Cement (n = 3342)

24/3, 318 (1%)

1.22 (0.42, 3.52)

0.72

2.81 (0.94, 8.39)

0.06