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Table 2 Hip fractures and fragility fractures in 2004-2005 related to risk factors 2003 among 285 women.

From: Hip and fragility fracture prediction by 4-item clinical risk score and mobile heel BMD: a women cohort study

 

285 subjects

  

Hip Fractures (HF)

Fragility Fractures (FF)

Risk factors 2003

N valid in risk group (% of n)

F in risk group (n = 7)

OR HF (95%CI)*

*

FF in risk group (n = 14)

OR FF (95%CI)*

p *

Continuous risk factors

       

   Heel BMD by DXL †

       

T-score - Low side (SD) †

285 (100)

7

3.1 (1.5-6.8)

0.004*

14

2.6 (1.5-4.6)

0.001*

   Clinical risk factors

       

Age (per year)

285 (100)

7

1.2 (1.04-1.32)

0.007*

14

1.1 (1.03-1.22)

0.01*

Weight (per kg)

284 (100)

7

1.0 (0.92-1.05)

0.6

14

1.0 (0.94-1.03)

0.4

Height (per cm)

276 (97)

7

0.9 (0.82-1.03)

0.14

14

0.9 (0.84-0.99)

0.03*

Risk groups with binary items

       

   Heel BMD by DXL †

       

T-score < -1.0 SD

272 (95)

7

NA ¶

1.0

14

NA ¶

1.0

T-score ≤ -2.5 SD

171 (60)

6

4.1 (0.5-35)

0.2

12

4.2 (0.9-19)

0.05

T-score ≤ -3.5 SD

68 (24)

5

8.5 (1.6-45)

0.01*

8

4.7 (1.6-14)

0.006*

T-score ≤ -2.5 SD + FRAMO Index

74 (26)

5

7.6 (1.4-40)

0.01*

8

4.1 (1.49-12)

0.01*

T-score ≤ -2.5 SD + prior fragility fracture ‡

70 (25)

5

8.2 (1.6-43)

0.01*

7

3.3 (1.1-9.8)

0.05*

T-score ≤ -3.5 SD + FRAMO Index

42 (15)

5

16.3 (3.1-87)

0.001*

7

6.7 (2.2-20)

0.001*

T-score ≤ -3.5 SD + prior fragility fracture ‡

35 (12)

5

20.7 (3.8-111)

<0.001*

6

6.3 (2.0-19)

0.003*

   Main clinical risk factors as combined

       

FRAMO Index §

88 (31)

5

5.9 (1.1-31)

0.03*

9

4.4 (1.4-14)

0.01*

   Main clinical risk factors as single

       

Age ≥ 80 years

108 (38)

5

4.4 (0.8-22)

0.11

9

3.1 (1.0-9.6)

0.05*

Weight < 60 kg

69 (24)

4

4.4 (1.0-20)

0.06

6

2.5 (0.8-7.4)

0.11

Prior fragility fracture since age 50 ‡

94 (33)

5

5.2 (1.0-28)

0.04*

7

2.4 (0.8-7.5)

0.13

Impaired ability to rise five times from chair ||

52 (19)

1

1.1 (0.1-9.9)

1.0

3

1.5 (0.4-5.6)

0.5

   Other possible risk factors

       

Any fall last 12 months

66 (23)

1

0.5 (0.1-4.6)

0.6

5

1.9 (0.6-5.9)

0.3

Cortisone medication more than 3 months

40 (15)

3

4.7 (1.0-22)

0.07

4

2.5 (0.7-8.4)

0.13

Living in residential care (vs community)

27 (9)

3

7.9 (1.7-38)

0.02*

5

6.3 (1.9-20)

0.006*

History of maternal hip fracture

33 (12)

0

NA ¶

1.0

1

0.6 (0.1-4.3)

1.0

Current smoking

12 (4)

0

NA ¶

1.0

0

NA ¶

1.0

  1. ¶ Not analysed [NA] Odds ratio when any cellvalue at 0.
  2. † Calcaneal BMD value measured bilaterally by DXL-tecnique. Calculations usually made on the lowest value for left and right heel.
  3. ‡ Prior fragility fracture is defined as fracture at hip, forearm, humerus, and vertebrae after 50 years of age.
  4. § FRAMO Index: High risk group had 2-4 risk factors of Age ≥ 80 years, weight <60 kg, prior fragility fracture and impaired ability to rise from sitting position.
  5. Missing values for these risk factors are recoded to low fracture risk.
  6. || The 2 of 7 women that sustained HF and did not reply their ability to rise, were recoded to low fracture risk, as able to rise.
  7. * p < 0.05 significant difference. Binary item test by Fisher's Exact 2-tail. Continous item tested by logistic regression.
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BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2474

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