Hip and fragility fracture prediction by 4-item clinical risk score and mobile heel BMD: a women cohort study

Table 1 Questionnaire data and heel BMD measured on 285 women at 2003.

	285 women
Characteristics	Replies of 285	Mean/N valid (%)*
*Continuous risk factors*
Heel BMD by DXL ^†
T-score - Low side (SD) ^†	285	-2.7 ± 1.0
T-score - Left side (SD)	284	-2.5 ± 1.0
T-score - Right side (SD)	283	-2.6 ± 1.0
Clinical risk factors
Age (years)	285	79 ± 5.3
Weight (kg)	284	68 ± 12
Height (cm)	276	160 ± 6.3
*Risk groups with binary risk factors*
Heel BMD by DXL ^†
T-score ≥ -1.0 (SD)	285	13 (5)
-1.0 > T-score > -2.5 (SD)	285	101 (36)
-2.5 ≥ T-score > -3.5 (SD)	285	103 (36)
T-score ≤ -3.5 (SD)	285	68 (24)
T-score ≤ -2.5 (SD) + prior fragility fracture ^‡	283	70 (25)
T-score ≤ -3.5 (SD) + prior fragility fracture ^‡	283	35 (12)
Main clinical risk factors as combined
FRAMO Index ^§	285	88 (31)
Main clinical risk factors as single
Age ≥ 80 years	285	108 (38)
Weight < 60 kg	284	69 (24)
Prior fragility fracture since age 50 ^‡	283	94 (33)
Impaired ability to rise five times from chair	278	52 (19)
Other possible risk factors
Any fall last 12 months	284	66 (23)
Cortisone medication more than 3 months	274	40 (15)
Living in residential care (vs community)	285	27 (9)
History of maternal hip fracture	274	33 (12)
Current smoking	284	12 (4)

* Percentage estimated on the valid participators and aritmetic mean value ± SD presented.
† Calcaneal BMD value measured bilateral by DXL-tecnique. Calculations usually made on the lowest value for either left or right heel.
‡ Prior fragility fracture is defined as fracture at hip, forearm, humerus, and vertebrae after 50 years of age.
§ FRAMO Index: High risk group has 2 of 4 risk factors of; Age ≥ 80 years, weight < 60 kg, prior fragility fracture and impaired ability to rise. Missing values recoded to low fracture risk.

ISSN: 1471-2474