Skip to main content

Table 2 Distribution and Logistic Regression Analysis of Selected Variables in Cases and Controls

From: Pilot case-control investigation of risk factors for hip fractures in the urban Indian population

 

Variable

Cases (%)

n = 100

Controls

(%) n = 100

Odds Ratio

(P-value; 95%

1

Regular Exercise †

13 (13)

51 (51)

0.14 (0.00; 0.07-0.29)

2

Activity Level

   
 

• ≤ 2

80 (80)

17 (17)

1.00

 

• > 2

20 (20)

83 (83)

0.05 (0.00; 0.03-0.11)

3

Take Vitamin Supplements ‡

14 (14)

46 (46)

0.19 (0.00; 0.10-0.38)

4

Take Calcium Supplements §

6 (6)

47 (47)

0.07 (0.00; 0.03-0.18)

5a

Eat Almonds **

19 (19)

44 (44)

0.30 (0.000; 0.16-0.56)

5b

Of those that eat Almonds, Quantity of

   
 

• ≤ 5 Once/day

4

3

1.00

 

• > 5 Once/day

15 (78.9)

41 (93.7)

0.27 (0.01; 0.06-1.37)

6a

Eat Fish *

9 (9)

42 (42)

0.14 (0.00; 0.06-0.30)

6b

Of those that eat Fish, Quantity of Fish

   
 

• ≤ Once/week

4

6(14.29)

1.00

 

• > Once/week

5

36 (85.7) † †

0.21 (0.03; 0.04-1.00)

7a

Eat Paneer (Cottage cheese) **

61 (61)

90 (90)

0.17 (0.000; 0.08-0.37)

7b

Of those that eat Paneer, Quantity

   
 

• ≤ 1 medium size serving Once/Week

28 (45.9)

27 (28.7)

1.00

 

• > 1 medium size serving Once/Week

33 (54.1)

67 (72.3)

0.48 (0.03; 0.24-0.93)

8a

Eat Curd (Plain Yogurt) **

84 (84)

89 (89)

0.65 (0.30; 0.29-1.48)

8b

Of those that eat Curd, Quantity of Curd

   
 

• ≤ 2 cups/week

62 (76.5)

70 (71.4)

1.00

 

• > 2 cups/week

19 (23.5)

28 (28.6)

0.77 (0.96; 0.39-1.51)

9

Drink Alcohol

15 (15)

19 (19)

0.75 (0.36-1.58)

10a

Milk intake**

49 (49)

59 (59)

0.67 (0.16; 0.38-1.17)

10b

Of those that drink Milk, Quantity of Milk

   
 

• ≤ 1 glass/day

39 (79.6)

32 (54)

1.00

 

• > 1 glass/day

10 (20.4)

27 (45.8)

0.30 (0.006; 0.13-0.72)

11a

Regular Tea Drinkers**

9

8

2.11 (0.07; 0.93-4.81)

11b

Of those that drink Tea, Quantity of Tea

   
 

• ≤ 1 cup/day

14 (15.6)

18 (22.3)

1.0

 

• > 1 cup/day

76 (84.4)

63 (77.7)

1.55 (0.26; 0.72-3.36)

12

Drink Other Caffeinated substances**

36 (36)

23 (23)

1.88 (0.05; 1.01-3.50)

13

Vegetarian

81 (81)

5

3.94 (0.00; 2.09-7.43)

14

Taken HRT for > 1 year

1

6 (10.53)

0.16 (0.09; 0.02-1.34)

15

Prior Injuries

2

6

0.32 (0.17; .06-1.63)

16

Prior Major‡‡

5

2

3.44 (0.00; 1.91-6.22)

17

On Long Term Medications §§***

5

3

2.09 (0.01; 1.19-3.70)

18

Difficulty getting up from a Chair (Agility)

7

2

12.60 (0.00; 6.44-24.60)

19

Eyesight difficulty

73 (73)

33 (33)

5.49 (0.00; 2.99-10.07)

  1. † Within the past 5
  2. ‡ For a time period greater than 1 year within the past 10
  3. §For a time period greater than 1 year within the past 10 Years
  4. *Within the past 10
  5. † Including coffee and carbonated caffeine drinks such as Coke and
  6. ‡ (Diabetes, Cardiac Disease, Hypertension, Asthma, Hypothyroidism, Any combination.
  7. §Beta blockers, thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, insulin, sulfonylurea ((glyburide), biguanides (Metformin) b 2 Agonists e.g. Epinephrine, Albuterol inhalers, Aspirin, Nitroglycerine, Thyroid Hormone, Ayurvedic/Homeopathic medicine
Back to article page

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2474

Contact us