| |
NDI score > 8%
|
NRS-11 neck pain score > 4
|
|---|
| |
%
|
p*
|
%
|
p*
|
|---|
|
Gender
| |
0.125
| |
0.032
|
|
Women
|
50.8
| |
28.6
| |
|
Men
|
35.4
| |
10.4
| |
|
Age, years
| |
0.286
| |
0.759
|
|
< 20
|
50.0
| |
14.3
| |
|
20-30
|
38.6
| |
22.7
| |
|
30-40
|
34.8
| |
13.0
| |
|
40-50
|
63.6
| |
27.3
| |
|
>50
|
37.5
| |
25.0
| |
|
Initial pain
| |
0.034
| |
<0.001
|
|
NRS-11 score ≤ 4
|
34.4
| |
8.2
| |
|
NRS-11 score > 4
|
56.0
| |
36.0
| |
|
Post traumatic stress
| |
0.015
| |
0.011
|
|
IES score < 26
|
36.0
| |
13.3
| |
|
IES score ≥ 26
|
61.1
| |
36.1
| |
|
Expectations of recovery
| |
0.001
| |
0.013
|
|
High
|
36.7
| |
15.6
| |
|
Low
|
76.2
| |
42.9
| |
|
Grades 2-3 MRI alar ligament changes†
| |
0.229
| |
0.143
|
|
No
|
39.7
| |
16.4
| |
|
Yes
|
52.6
| |
28.9
| |
|
Grades 2-3 MRI transverse ligament changes†
| |
0.493
| |
0.588
|
|
No
|
41.9
| |
22.1
| |
|
Yes
|
52.0
| |
16.0
| |
- WAD = whiplash-associated disorders; NDI = neck disability index; NRS-11 = 11-point numeric rating scale; IES = impact of event scale; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging.
- * P values are based the difference in outcome proportions between the categories as calculated by the Fisher's exact test.
- † Highest assigned grade if different between right and left side.
