Table 1 Mean (and standard deviation) of Vastus lateralis, Lateral gastrocnemius and Tibialis anterior time of peak occurrence of control group (CG) and diabetic group (DG), during the stance phase in both condition group: barefoot and shod gait.
| Â | Â | Â | Â | ANOVA | Effect size | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of peak occurrence (%) | Condition | CG (n = 21) | DG (n = 24) | Group | Condition | Group × Condition | DG relative to CG (95% CI) | Shod relative to Barefoot (95% CI) |
Vastus lateralis | Shod | 15.47 ± 4.27 | 15.35 ± 3.71 | F = 5.12 | F = 10.68 | F = 3.74 | -0.120 (- 2.809 to 2.569) | 2.960 (1.305 to 4.614) |
|  | Barefoot | 10.76 ± 2.81 | 14.14 ± 2.35 | p = 0.030 | p = 0.002 | p = 0.06 | 3.380 (1.639 to 5.121) |  |
Lateral gastrocnemius | Shod | 66.41 ± 4.31 | 68.23 ± 3.84 | F = 1.29 | F = 10.98 | F = 0.20 | -1.820 (-0.813 to 4.453) | 2.590 (0.528 to 4.652) |
|  | Barefoot | 64.17 ± 3.92 | 65.29 ± 5.35 | p = 0.263 | p = 0.002 | p = 0.654 | 1.120 (- 2.033 to 4.273) |  |
Tibialis anterior | Shod | 6.52 ± 3.08 | 6.58 ± 2.82 | F = 0.20 | F = 3.36 | F = 0.06 | 0.060 (-1.925 to 2.045) | 1.020 (-0.216 to 2.256) |
|  | Barefoot | 5.46 ± 2.36 | 5.61 ± 2.39 | p = 0.655 | p = 0.06 | p = 0.804 | 0.150 (-1.447 to 1.746) |  |