Two-year changes in quality of life in elderly patients with low-energy hip fractures. A case-control study

Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics in patients with hip fractures (n = 61) and controls (n = 61) at baseline.

	Patients with hip fractures		Controls		p*-value
	Mean ( SD )	n (%)	Mean ( SD )	n (%)
Demographics
Age (years)	73.7 (9.5)		72.6 (8.2)		0.502
(range 50-90 years)
Females		46 (75)		46 (75)	1.000
Current height (cm)	167.8 (8.7)		166.8 (7.9)		0.513
Current weight (kg)	66.4 (12.2)		74.7 (12.5)		< 0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	23.6 (3.7)		26.8 (3.7)		< 0.001
Education					0.525
< 10 years		26 (46)		22 (37)
11-13 years		18 (32)		21 (35)
> 13 years		12 (21)		17 (28)
Cohabiting		26 (44)		38 (62)	0.045
Regular exercise**		36 (59)		47 (77)	0.033
Current smoker		16 (36)		6 (10)	0.019
Clinical characteristics
Current calcium and/or vitamin D treatment		12 (20)		18 (30)	0.207
Current ART		9 (15)		10 (16)	0.803
Current glucocorticoid treatment		9 (16)		3 (5)	0.083
Previous fractures		28 (46)		29 (48)	0.362
Mother fracture		18 (30)		18 (30)	0.930
≥ one fall in the previous year		27 (47)		19 (37)	0.289
Osteoporosis ***		35 (58)		12 (20)	0.001
Osteopenia		21 (34)		29 (48)
Normal BMD		5 (8)		19 (32)
Heart diseases		28 (48)		30 (49)	0.856
Pulmonary diseases		10 (16)		5 (8)	0.168
Neurological diseases		8 (13)		3 (5)	0.114
Endocrine disorders		5 (8)		4 (7)	0.729
Gastrointestinal disorders		6 (10)		11 (18)	0.191
Urogenital disorders		5 (8)		2 (3)	0.243
Inflammatory joint/connective tissue disorders		16 (26)		13 (21)	0.523
Cancer		8 (13)		6 (10)	0.570
Mental disorders		3 (5)		2 (3)	0.648
Co-morbidities (range 0-6) ****	1.2 (1.1)		1.5 (0.9)		0.218

Continuous variables are presented as mean (SD) and group variables as numbers (%).
* Chi-square when comparing categorical data. Independent t tests with continuous variables. Bold p-values indicate significant differences between the groups. ** Exercise more than 30 minutes three times a week.
*** Osteoporosis at total hip and/or spine L2-L4.
**** Mean (SD) score of diseases including: heart diseases, pulmonary diseases, neurological disorders, urogenital disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, endocrine disorders, inflammatory joint disorders and connective tissue disorders, cancer and mental disorders.
BMI, body mass index; ART, antiresorptive treatment (specific osteoporosis treatment comprising biphosphonates, or selective oestrogen-receptor modulators).

ISSN: 1471-2474