Manipulative therapy in addition to usual medical care accelerates recovery of shoulder complaints at higher costs: economic outcomes of a randomized trial

Table 4 Mean costs (in €) per treatment group and mean differences during a 26 week follow-up period

Costs	AMT	UMC	AMT vs. UMC
	Mean ± SD		Mean difference (95%CI)
Total costs
Intention-to-treat (n = 142)	1167 ± 3348	555 ± 1290	612 (-193 to 1581)
Adjusted for outliers (n = 140)	676 ± 1445	555 ± 1290	121 (-340 to 581)
Total direct costs
Intention-to-treat (n = 142)	293 ± 602	192 ± 232	101 (-75 to 252)
Adjusted for outliers (n = 140)	266 ±555	192 ± 232	74 (-72 to 221)
Direct health care costs
Intention-to-treat (n = 142)	174 ± 190	153 ± 185	21 (-28 to 48)
Adjusted for outliers (n = 140)	166 ±180	153 ± 185	14 (-47 to 75)
Direct non-health care costs
Intention-to-treat (n = 142)	119 ± 468	39 ±119	80 (-25 to 191)
Adjusted for outliers (n = 140)	99 ± 436	39 ± 119	60 (-49 to 170)
Indirect costs
Intention-to-treat (n = 142)	913 ± 3091	381 ± 1222	523 (-338 to 1329)
Adjusted for outliers (n = 140)	446 ± 1138	381 ± 1222	66 (-329 to 460)

€: Euro's (€1 = 1.20 US Dollars); AMT: Manipulative therapy as add-on to UMC. UMC: Usual Medical Care by General Practitioner.

ISSN: 1471-2474