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Table 2 Gender-specific odds ratios of unilateral or bilateral shoulder pain by lifestyle and metabolic factors, Health 2000 Survey, 2000-2001

From: Lifestyle and metabolic factors in relation to shoulder pain and rotator cuff tendinitis: A population-based study

Characteristic

Men

Women

Ā 

Sample

Unilateral4

Bilateral5

Sample

Unilateral4

Bilateral5

Ā Ā 

% of outcome

OR

95% CI

% of outcome

OR

95% CI

Ā 

% of outcome

OR

95% CI

% of outcome

OR

95% CI

Smoking status

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒNever smoker

526

6.6

1

Ā 

6.0

1

Ā 

1487

11.6

1

Ā 

8.6

1

Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒFormer smoker

1005

10.2

1.4

0.9-2.1

7.1

0.9

0.6-1.5

612

9.5

1.0

0.7-1.3

6.6

1.1

0.7-1.6

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒOccasional smoker

168

7.8

1.3

0.6-2.4

3.1

0.7

0.3-1.8

156

8.1

1.0

0.5-2.0

1.4

0.3

0.1-1.5

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒCurrent smoker

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

< 10 pack-years

255

10.3

1.5

0.9-2.4

5.3

0.9

0.4-1.7

218

9.8

1.1

0.7-1.9

3.3

0.7

0.3-1.7

10-20 pack-years

152

7.6

1.2

0.5-2.4

2.6

0.5

0.1-1.9

175

7.1

0.8

0.4-1.7

8.7

1.8

1.0-3.1

> 20 pack-years

349

13.6

1.9

1.3-2.9

4.6

0.7

0.4-1.4

162

6.3

0.6

0.3-1.2

4.0

0.6

0.3-1.4

Exercise (times/week)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒā‰„ 1

1170

8.8

1

Ā 

5.4

1

Ā 

1281

9.6

1

Ā 

8.0

1

Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒ2-3

879

11.1

1.3

0.9-1.8

4.8

1.0

0.6-1.5

1050

10.6

1.1

0.8-1.5

5.9

0.8

0.5-1.1

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒā‰¤ 4

697

7.0

0.7

0.5-1.1

6.6

1.0

0.6-1.6

893

9.5

0.9

0.6-1.2

6.2

0.7

0.4-1.0

Body mass index

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒNormal (18.5-24.9)

967

7.7

1

Ā 

4.3

1

Ā 

1489

8.2

1

Ā 

5.1

1

Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒUnderweight (< 18.5)

13

0

-

-

0

-

-

46

3.7

0.4

0.1-2.0

2.3

0.4

0.1-3.5

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒOverweight (25.0-29.9)

1231

9.6

1.3

0.9-1.7

6.2

1.4

0.9-2.1

1011

11.6

1.2

0.9-1.6

7.1

1.1

0.7-1.5

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒObese (ā‰„ 30.0)

455

11.5

1.4

1.0-2.0

6.4

1.4

0.8-2.2

529

11.8

1.3

0.9-1.8

10.3

1.6

1.0-2.4

Waist circumference

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Men: < 94.0 cm,

Women: < 80 cm

1053

6.1

1

Ā 

4.7

1

Ā 

918

6.5

1

Ā 

2.8

1

Ā 

Men: 94.0-101.9 cm

802

10.9

1.8

1.2-2.5

5.5

1.1

0.7-1.7

798

10.5

1.5

1.1-2.1

6.2

1.9

1.2-3.2

Women: 80.0-87.9 cm

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Men: ā‰„ 102.0 cm

933

11.5

1.8

1.3-2.5

6.6

1.2

0.8-1.7

1580

11.3

1.4

0.99-2.0

10.1

2.5

1.6-4.0

Women: ā‰„ 88.0 cm

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Waist-to-hip ratio1

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒNormal

326

4.3

1

Ā 

1.8

1

Ā 

606

8.7

1

Ā 

4.0

1

Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒIncreased

1584

9.3

2.1

1.2-3.7

5.9

2.5

1.1-5.9

1858

9.0

0.9

0.6-1.2

5.8

1.0

0.6-1.6

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒHigh

878

11.2

2.4

1.3-4.4

6.4

2.4

1.0-5.8

831

12.3

1.0

0.7-1.5

12.3

1.8

1.1-3.1

Metabolic syndrome2

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒNo

1945

8.0

1

Ā 

5.2

1

Ā 

2273

9.4

1

Ā 

5.5

1

Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒYes

842

12.5

1.5

1.2-1.9

6.2

1.0

0.7-1.5

1033

10.7

0.8

0.6-1.1

10.8

1.2

0.9-1.7

Insulin resistance3

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Mean, per each standard deviation increase

2792

Ā 

1.0

0.9-1.1

Ā 

1.0

0.9-1.1

3318

Ā 

1.1

0.9-1.3

Ā 

1.1

0.9-1.3

Diabetes

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒNo

2637

9.0

1

Ā 

5.1

1

Ā 

3135

9.5

1

Ā 

6.7

1

Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒType 1

21

0

-

Ā 

10.0

2.2

0.4-11.1

13

0

-

Ā 

15.4

1.5

0.3-7.4

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒType 2

144

16.1

1.7

1.0-2.9

13.3

1.9

0.98-3.6

177

16.3

1.3

0.8-1.9

13.8

1.3

0.7-2.2

C-reactive protein

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒLow ā‰¤ 3 mg/L

2339

8.8

1

Ā 

5.4

1

Ā 

2697

9.7

1

Ā 

6.4

1

Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒHigh > 3 mg/L

436

11.8

1.3

0.9-1.9

6.8

1.1

0.7-1.8

582

10.9

1.0

0.7-1.4

10.6

1.4

1.0-2.1

Carotid intima-media thickness

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Mean IMT, per each standard deviation (0.23 mm) increase

599

Ā 

1.2

0.9-1.6

Ā 

1.3

0.9-1.7

723

Ā 

0.7

0.4-1.0

Ā 

0.9

0.6-1.3

  1. Odds ratios were adjusted for age, education and physical work load factors (working with hands above the shoulder level for at least one hour per day, manual handling of loads heavier than 5 kg at least two times per minute for a minimum of two hours daily and manual handling of loads heavier than 20 kg for at least 10 times per day, working with a vibrating tool for at least two hours, work demanding high handgrip forces for at least one hour, and repetitive movements of the hands or wrists for at least two hours).
  2. 1 In men: Normal < 0.9, Increased 0.9-1.0 and High > 1.0. In women: Normal < 0.8, Increased 0.8-0.9 and High > 0.9.
  3. 2 Three of the following criteria present: 1) Central obesity, defined as waist circumference > 102 cm in men and > 88 cm in women; 2) triglycerides ā‰„ 1.7 mmol/l; 3) HDL < 1.0 mmol/l in men and < 1.3 mmol/l in women; 4) systolic blood pressure ā‰„ 130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ā‰„ 85 mm Hg; and 5) fasting glucose ā‰„ 6.1 mmol/l.
  4. 3 HOMA-IR: Serum insulin pmol/l Ɨ glucose mmol/l/22.5
  5. 4 Pain either in right or left shoulder during the preceding 30 days.
  6. 5 Pain in both shoulders during the preceding 30 days.
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BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2474

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