Biomechanical analysis of the lumbar spine on facet joint force and intradiscal pressure - a finite element study

Table 2 Properties of the materials used in this study

Material	Young's modulus	Poisson ratio	Reference
	E (MPa)	ν
Vertebra
Cortical bone	12000	0.3	[21, 27–32]
Cancellous bone	100	0.2	[28–32]
Endplate	12000	0.3	[12, 27, 29]
Posterior elements	3500	0.25	[18, 21, 30, 33, 34]
Disc
Nucleus pulposus	1	0.4999	[16, 30, 35, 36]
Annulus ground substance	4.2	0.45	[27–30, 36–38]
Fiber
(inner)	360	0.3	[29, 39] 360~550(E)
(outer)	550	0.3	[27, 40] 450(E)