Table 4 Results of subgroup analysis affecting stiffness heterogeneity
Groups | No. of studies | No. of Participants | SMD[95%CI] | Heterogeneity | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | I2 | |||||
Exercise type | ||||||
Taichi | 10 | 643 | -0.54 [-0.86, -0.22] | 0.000 | 71% | 0.001 |
Yoga | 3 | 303 | -0.81 [-1.59, -0.03] | 0.000 | 86% | 0.04 |
Baduanjin | 4 | 180 | -1.27 [-2.16, -0.39] | 0.001 | 85% | 0.005 |
Duration time | ||||||
< 12 weeks | 5 | 174 | -0.76 [-1.20, -0.32] | 0.13 | 44% | 0.000 |
12 weeks | 8 | 698 | -0.75 [-1.21, -0.28] | 0.000 | 87% | 0.002 |
> 12 weeks | 4 | 254 | -0.79 [-1.45, -0.13] | 0.000 | 84% | 0.02 |
Frequency | ||||||
2 sessions per week | 4 | 306 | -0.18 [-0.41, 0.05] | 0.49 | 0% | 0.12 |
3 sessions per week | 7 | 542 | -0.87 [-1.44, -0.29] | 0.000 | 89% | 0.003 |
4–5 sessions per week | 6 | 278 | -0.96 [-1.29, -0.62] | 0.13 | 41% | 0.000 |
Gender | ||||||
Females | 4 | 195 | -0.60 [-1.15, -0.04] | 0.02 | 68% | 0.04 |
Females/males | 13 | 931 | -0.79 [-1.15, -0.43] | 0.000 | 84% | 0.000 |
Region | ||||||
Asia | 9 | 475 | -0.91 [-1.38, -0.44] | 0.000 | 82% | 0.000 |
Non-Asia | 8 | 651 | -0.56 [-0.92, -0.20] | 0.000 | 75% | 0.002 |