Table 3 Results of subgroup analysis affecting pain heterogeneity
Groups | No. of studies | No. of Participants | SMD[95%CI] | Heterogeneity | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | I2 | |||||
Exercise type | ||||||
Taichi | 10 | 643 | -0.69 [-0.97, -0.41] | 0.005 | 62% | 0.000 |
Yoga | 4 | 323 | -0.83 [-1.48, -0.18] | 0.002 | 80% | 0.002 |
Baduanjin | 4 | 180 | -0.42 [-0.97, 0.12] | 0.02 | 68% | 0.13 |
Duration time | ||||||
< 12 weeks | 5 | 174 | -0.83 [-1.15, -0.51] | 0.4 | 1% | 0.000 |
12 weeks | 9 | 718 | -0.51 [-0.84, -0.18] | 0.000 | 74% | 0.002 |
> 12 weeks | 4 | 254 | -0.83 [-1.09, -0.57] | 0.76 | 0% | 0.000 |
Frequency | ||||||
2 sessions per week | 4 | 306 | -0.53 [-1.04, -0.02] | 0.03 | 66% | 0.04 |
3 sessions per week | 8 | 562 | -0.43 [-0.74, -0.12] | 0.007 | 64% | 0.006 |
4–5 sessions per week | 6 | 278 | -1.04 [-1.30, -0.79] | 0.97 | 0% | 0.000 |
Gender | ||||||
Females | 5 | 215 | -0.93 [-1.21, -0.64] | 0.77 | 0% | 0.000 |
Females/males | 13 | 931 | -0.55 [-0.81, -0.29] | 0.000 | 69% | 0.000 |
Region | ||||||
Asia | 9 | 475 | -0.68 [-0.98, -0.37] | 0.01 | 60% | 0.000 |
Non-Asia | 9 | 671 | -0.62 [-0.94, -0.29] | 0.001 | 69% | 0.000 |