Table 3 Results of the mixed-effects ANOVAs for the qualitative moderator variables on the effect sizes obtained from measures of behaviours in the posttest
From: Preventive physiotherapy interventions for back care in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis
Cluster / Moderator variable | k | d + | 95% C. I. | ANOVA results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
d l | d u | ||||
(A) Treatment characteristics: | |||||
Type of treatment: | Q B(2) = 1.29, p = .525 | ||||
Postural hygiene (PH) | 11 | 0.853 | 0.256 | 1.451 | R 2 = 0.0 |
PH + Physiotherapy exercise (PE) | 1 | 1.858 | −0.114 | 3.831 | Q W(10) = 247.72, p < .001 |
PH + Physical activity | 1 | 0.316 | −1.594 | 2.227 | |
Type of postural hygiene: | Q B(2) = 6.16, p = .046 | ||||
Acquisition of knowledge (AK) | 4 | −0.126 | −1.135 | 0.884 | R 2 = 0.0 |
AK + Posture training habits (PTH) | 7 | 1.466 | 0.715 | 2.217 | Q W(10) = 250.24, p < .001 |
AK + PTH + Stimulat. dynamic postures | 2 | 0.820 | −0.541 | 2.181 | |
Teaching method of postural hygiene: | Q B(1) = 6.63, p = .010 | ||||
Theoretical teaching (TT) | 5 | 0.051 | −0.751 | 0.853 | R 2 = 0.033 |
TT + Practical teaching | 8 | 1.378 | 0.764 | 1.992 | Q W(11) = 259.97, p < .001 |
External agents: | Q B(1) = 0.85, p = .393 | ||||
Yes | 7 | 1.095 | 0.438 | 1.752 | R 2 = 0.037 |
No | 6 | 0.636 | −0.088 | 1.360 | Q W(11) = 235.80, p < .001 |
Parents as paraprofessionals: | Q B(1) = 0.16, p = .688 | ||||
Parental involvement | 2 | 0.642 | −0.660 | 1.944 | R 2 = 0.0 |
No parental involvement | 11 | 0.931 | 0.383 | 1.478 | Q W(11) = 283.70, p < .001 |
Teachers as paraprofessionals: | Q B(1) = 0.76, p = .383 | ||||
Teacher involvement | 4 | 1.258 | 0.252 | 2.265 | R 2 = 0.0 |
No teacher involvement | 9 | 0.719 | 0.043 | 1.395 | Q W(11) = 283.97, p < .001 |
Mode of application: | Q B(2) = 1.04, p = .594 | ||||
Indirect intervention | 1 | 0.741 | −1.354 | 2.837 | R 2 = 0.0 |
Direct intervention | 9 | 0.718 | 0.025 | 1.412 | Q W(10) = 283.94, p < .001 |
Mixed intervention | 3 | 1.427 | 0.239 | 2.616 | |
(B) Methodological characteristics: | |||||
Use of pretest measures: | Q B(1) = 0.15, p = .702 | ||||
Yes | 12 | 0.915 | 0.392 | 1.439 | R 2 = 0.0 |
No | 1 | 0.542 | −1.293 | 2.377 | Q W(11) = 283.51, p < .001 |
Type of control group: | Q B(1) = 0.16, p = .688 | ||||
Active control | 2 | 0.642 | −0.660 | 1.944 | R 2 = 0.0 |
Nonactive control | 11 | 0.931 | 0.383 | 1.478 | Q W(11) = 283.70, p < .001 |
Evaluator blinding: | Q B(1) = 7.10, p = .008 | ||||
Blinded evaluator | 9 | 1.310 | 0.737 | 1.882 | R 2 = 0.062 |
Not blinded evaluator (or not reported) | 4 | −0.125 | −1.011 | 0.762 | Q W(11) = 254.47, p < .001 |