Fig. 2

A, a schematic diagram of standard unilateral puncture, in which IIA was 33.2° and the LD was 5.21 cm; B, the IIA of puncture on non-rotated vertebrae; C, a schematic diagram of unilateral puncture on rotated vertebrae, in which IIA was 1.1° on the convex side and 62.6° on the concave side, respectively; LD and PCL were lower on the convex side than the concave side; D, the C-arm was rotated, and the puncture was nearly vertical (IIA was 1.1°). T, target point; M, midpoint of the pedicle; PCL, puncture course length; PSPP, planned skin puncture point; LD, the lateral distance between PSPP and the spinous process; IIA, inner inclination angle