Fig. 5From: Phenome-wide causal associations between osteoarthritis and other complex traits through the latent causal variable analysisThe causal relationships between hand OA and diverse traits. Each dot represented one trait with significant genetic correlation with hand OA (FDR < 0.05). Traits in red showed positive genetic correlations with hand OA, while those in blue demonstrated negative genetic correlations. Both FDR < 0.05 and |GCP| > 0.6 were set as the significant threshold (the red dashed lines) for GCP estimates. Traits with GCP < -0.6 could causally affect hand OA, while traits could be causally influenced by hand OA if GCP > 0.6Back to article page