Table 3 Risk of bias assessment of the cohort studies
RCS | Selection | Comparability | Outcome | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cao 2017 [23] | ✩ ✩ ✩ | ✩ | ✩✩✩ | ✩✩✩✩✩✩✩ |
Chen 2023 [28] | ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ | ✩ | ✩✩✩ | ✩✩✩✩✩✩✩✩ |
Duan 2019 [26] | ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ | ✩ | ✩✩✩ | ✩✩✩✩✩✩✩✩ |
Huang 2017 [18] | ✩ ✩ ✩ | ✩ | ✩✩✩ | ✩✩✩✩✩✩✩ |
Huang 2023 [29] | ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ | ✩ | ✩✩✩ | ✩✩✩✩✩✩✩✩ |
Jing 2022 [22] | ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ | ✩ | ✩✩ | ✩✩✩✩✩✩✩ |
Lei 2021 [25] | ✩ ✩ ✩ | ✩ | ✩✩✩ | ✩✩✩✩✩✩✩ |
Liao 2022 [30] | ✩ ✩ ✩✩ | ✩ | ✩✩✩ | ✩✩✩✩✩✩✩✩ |
Liu 2015 [24] | ✩ ✩ ✩ | ✩ | ✩✩ | ✩✩✩✩✩✩✩ |
Nie 2023 [17] | ✩ ✩ ✩ | ✩ | ✩✩✩ | ✩✩✩✩✩✩✩ |
Tong 2016 [21] | ✩ ✩ ✩ | ✩ | ✩✩✩ | ✩✩✩✩✩✩✩ |
Wang 2019 [6] | ✩ ✩ ✩ | ✩ | ✩✩✩ | ✩✩✩✩✩✩✩ |
Zhu 2021 [27] | ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ | ✩✩✩ | ✩✩✩✩✩✩✩ |