Table 2 Baseline and postoperative shoulder range of motion (ROM) parameters, strength and functional scores

Active motion parameters

 Flexion (°)

 < 0.001

  Baseline

50

71 (33)

141

78 (39)

35

69 (36)

  6 months

47

135 (20)

130

125 (25)

14

136 (21)

0.108

  12 months

43

141 (18)

123

130 (23)

22

146 (20)

0.002

  24 months

40

142 (18)

107

132 (18)

33

155 (13)

 < 0.001

 Abduction (°)

 < 0.001

  Baseline

50

65 (25)

141

70 (34)

35

62 (31)

  6 months

47

123 (23)

129

118 (28)

14

120 (31)

0.949

  12 months

43

128 (22)

123

124 (26)

22

138 (25)

0.061

  24 months

40

130 (22)

107

118 (25)

33

147 (23)

 < 0.001

 External rotation in 0° abd. (°)

 < 0.001

  Baseline

48

30 (18)

141

31 (22)

35

22 (23)

  6 months

47

22 (11)

131

33 (14)

14

41 (25)

 < 0.001

  12 months

43

23 (11)

123

35 (15)

22

38 (21)

 < 0.001

  24 months

40

24 (16)

107

38 (17)

33

41 (23)

 < 0.001

Passive motion parameters

 Flexion passive (°)

  Baseline

50

88 (39)

141

97 (39)

35

94 (45)

 < 0.001

  6 months

47

142 (19)

130

128 (22)

14

146 (18)

0.001

  12 months

43

149 (18)

123

133 (20)

22

157 (15)

 < 0.001

  24 months

40

147 (18)

107

135 (17)

33

163 (11)

 < 0.001

 Abduction passive (°)

  Baseline

50

77 (34)

141

85 (38)

35

90 (44)

 < 0.001

  6 months

47

131 (21)

129

121 (25)

14

130 (32)

0.237

  12 months

43

135 (21)

123

125 (24)

22

151 (20)

 < 0.001

  24 months

40

136 (21)

107

121 (24)

33

156 (21)

 < 0.001

 External rotation in 0° abd. passive (°)

  Baseline

46

35 (18)

139

38 (23)

35

31 (24)

 < 0.001

  6 months

47

30 (9)

131

34 (13)

14

50 (22)

 < 0.001

  12 months

43

31 (12)

122

36 (14)

22

46 (18)

 < 0.001

  24 months

40

35 (14)

107

43 (14)

33

50 (23)

 < 0.001

Passive motion parameters

 Flexion passive (°)

  Pre-op

77

90 (35)

190

96 (36)

60

89 (40)

 < 0.001

  6 months

71

140 (20)

176

131 (22)

23

147 (20)

 < 0.001

  12 months

67

148 (18)

164

135 (19)

38

156 (22)

 < 0.001

  24 months

65

145 (18)

141

137 (17)

57

162 (16)

 < 0.001

Abduction passive (°)

  Pre-op

77

78 (30)

190

83 (34)

60

81 (39)

 < 0.001

  6 months

71

129 (21)

175

123 (25)

23

134 (30)

0.118

  12 months

67

133 (20)

164

129 (24)

38

151 (27)

 < 0.001

  24 months

65

134 (21)

141

125 (24)

57

156 (23)

 < 0.001

 External rotation in 0° abd. passive (°)

  Pre-op

70

32 (17)

187

35 (22)

59

26 (22)

 < 0.001

  6 months

71

30 (11)

176

34 (13)

23

49 (19)

 < 0.001

  12 months

67

32 (12)

161

36 (14)

38

42 (18)

 < 0.001

  24 months

65

36 (14)

141

43 (14)

57

48 (21)

 < 0.001

Strength, pain level and functional scores

 Strength in abduction (kg)

0.768

  Baseline

50

0.4 (0.9)

141

0.4 (1.1)

19

0.3 (1.2)

  6 months

45

4.2 (2.3)

130

3.3 (1.8)

14

3.8 (2.3)

0.669

  12 months

42

4.7 (2.3)

120

3.9 (2.0)

9

4.4 (2.3)

0.950

  24 months

39

5.3 (2.4)

106

3.9 (2.0)

17

4.8 (2.2)

0.627

 Pain NRS (0 = no pain, 10 = maximum pain)

0.008

  Baseline

46

6.1 (3.0)

129

6.4 (2.5)

33

6.2 (2.7)

  6 months

49

1.4 (1.7)

129

1.6 (1.9)

15

0.7 (0.9)

0.348

  12 months

44

1.4 (1.7)

129

1.3 (1.9)

27

0.6 (1.2)

0.055

  24 months

47

1.7 (2.1)

128

1.5 (2.1)

34

0.6 (1.2)

0.032

 CS Constant Murley Score (0–100 = best)

0.466

  Baseline

42

27 (11)

122

31 (15)

20

30 (14)

  6 months

40

65 (12)

114

62 (13)

11

64 (10)

0.576

  12 months

38

69 (10)

105

67 (13)

21

70 (10)

0.533

  24 months

33

68 (11)

83

68 (10)

31

76 (9)

0.088

 SPADI (0 = worst, 100 = best)

0.252

  Baseline

46

33 (22)

128

34 (20)

18

40 (19)

  6 months

50

73 (20)

131

78 (18)

15

84 (14)

0.199

  12 months

44

76 (19)

130

82 (18)

14

83 (14)

0.598

  24 months

47

74 (21)

129

80 (20)

17

83 (15)

0.534

 Subjective Shoulder Value (0 = worst, 100 = best)

0.325

  Baseline

38

41 (20)

118

39 (20)

34

34 (20)

  6 months

41

74 (18)

112

78 (16)

12

78 (13)

0.856

  12 months

41

75 (18)

117

83 (13)

26

78 (14)

0.110

  24 months

40

77 (18)

114

83 (14)

34

85 (13)

0.323