The association of the STarT Back Screening Tool and type of leg pain with low back pain disability trajectories: a prospective cohort study

Table 3 The Scores and Differences at 12 months follow-up in the Disability Trajectory Outcome Oswestry Disability Index

	Model 3: Effects of Type of leg pain^a and SBST^b outcome adjusted^c (n = 347)				Model 4: Secondary Analysis with high and low ODI strata (n = 347)
Characteristic	Beta^g	95% CI^d	p-value	LOW ODI STRATA^e	Beta^g	95% CI^d	p-value
SBST Low^f	4.6			SBST Low	4.22
SBST Medium	8.2			SBST Medium/High	5.45
SBST High	15.2			SBST Low vs. SBST Medium/High	1.22	-4.2, 6.6	0.659
SBST Low vs. SBST Medium	3.6	0.6, 6.6	0.017	Type LBP	4.23
SBST Low vs. SBST High	10.6	5.9, 15.2	< 0.001	Type Referred/Radicular	5.82
SBST Medium vs. SBST High	7.0	2.3, 11.6	0.003	Type LBP vs. Referred/Radicular	1.59	-3.0, 6.2	0.494
Type of leg pain LBP	4.6			HIGH ODI STRATA^e
Type of leg pain Referred	5.6			SBST Low	5.44
Type of leg pain Radicular	8.7			SBST Medium/High	10.49
Type LBP vs. Referred	1.0	-1.8, 3.9	0.488	SBST Low vs. SBST Medium/High	5.05	1.24, 8.85	< 0.001
Type LBP vs. Radicular	4.1	-1.9, 10.2	0.182	Type LBP	5.44
Type Referred vs. Radicular	3.1	-2.8, 9.0	0.301	Type Referred/Radicular	6.45
				Type LBP vs. Referred/Radicular	1.01	-2.6, 4.6	0.579

^a Non-radiating low back pain (reference category), non-radicular referred leg pain, or radicular radiating leg pain (independent variable)
^b STarT Back Screening Tool, Low risk (reference category), Medium risk, or High risk (independent variable)
^c Adjusted for baseline pain, back pain duration, gender, age, number of low back pain episodes, and education level (all independent variables)
^d 95% Confidence Interval
^e Low: ODI ≤ 22, High: ODI > 22, differences at 12 months follow-up (dependent variable)
^f e.g., value of 4.6 indicates participants’ score on the ODI at 12 months follow-up
^g (difference on) ODI score

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