Table 3 Associations between baseline characteristics and pain phenotypes at 24-month follow-up
Baseline characteristics | No Pain RR (95% CI) | Mild P-A RR (95% CI) | Mild P-R-A RR (95% CI) | Mod P-R-A RR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yeara | ||||
< 60 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
≥ 65 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.01 (0.94, 1.08) | 0.89 (0.80, 0.99) | 0.68 (0.56, 0.82) |
Genderb | ||||
Female | 1.00 (reference) | 1.11 (1.04, 1.20) | 1.16 (1.05, 1.29) | 1.89 (1.55, 2.31) |
CES-D score | 1.00 (reference) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.02 (1.02, 1.03) | 1.04 (1.03, 1.14) |
BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
< 25 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
25–29.9 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.08 (0.98, 1.19) | 1.43 (1.21, 1.68) | 2.01 (1.46, 2.75) |
≥ 30 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.21 (1.10, 1.33) | 1.81 (1.55, 2.13) | 1.92 (1.40, 2.64) |
Education | ||||
College or above | 1.00 (reference) | 0.96 (0.87, 1.06) | 0.83 (0.75, 0.93) | 0.80 (0.72, 0.88) |
Race | ||||
Whites | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Non-whites | 1.00 (reference) | 1.04 (0.96, 1.14) | 1.22 (1.11, 1.35) | 2.08 (1.74, 2.49) |
Injury | 1.00 (reference) | 1.18 (1.10, 1.27) | 1.34 (1.22, 1.47) | 1.30 (1.17, 1.44) |
KL grade | ||||
0 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.28 (1.15, 1.43) | 1.32 (1.10, 1.58) | 1.45 (1.03, 2.05) |
2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.63 (1.49, 1.79) | 2.04 (1.76, 2.36) | 3.08 (2.36, 4.02) |
3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.84 (1.65, 2.06) | 3.00 (2.58, 3.49) | 3.88 (2.95, 5.10) |
4 | 1.00 (reference) | 2.63 (2.29, 3.01) | 4.00 (3.45, 4.65) | 5.42 (4.18, 7.03) |