Evaluation of single and multiple hyaluronic acid injections at different concentrations with high molecular weight in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis

Table 1 Comparison of WOMAC scores between the groups based on treatment and follow-up visits. WOMAC index (0-96 point): The minimum overall WOMAC Index score is 0, indicating no symptoms or limitations, and the maximum score is 96 (20 for pain + 8 for stiffness + 68 for physical function), indicating the most severe symptoms and limitations across all subscales

Time	Treatment	n	\(\overline{\mathbf{X} }\)	sd	sem	df	t	p
Before	30 mg x 3	64	73.66	2.17	.271	126	3.28	.001*
Before	60 mg	64	72.44	2.04	.255	126	3.28	.001*
1^th month	30 mg x 3	64	41.20	1.89	.236	126	-4.74	.000*
1^th month	60 mg	64	43.02	2.41	.301	126	-4.74	.000*
3^rd month	30 mg x 3	64	25.08	2.75	.344	126	-14.5	.000*
3^rd month	60 mg	64	31.17	1.92	.239	126	-14.5	.000*
6^th month	30 mg x 3	64	31.08	1.89	.237	126	-5.61	.000*
6^th month	60 mg	64	33.09	2.16	.270	126	-5.61	.000*
12^th month	30 mg x 3	64	51.19	2.19	.274	126	-17.1	.000*
12^th month	60 mg	64	59.25	3.06	.383	126	-17.1	.000*

Before the treatment’ (t= 3.28; p= .0001), “1^th month” (t= -4.74; p= .000), “3^rd month” (t= -14.5; p= .000), “6^th month” (t= -5.61; p= .000) and “12^th month” (t= -17.1; p= .000). Cohen's d was calculated for the effect size estimation of the independent variables in the WOMAC. According to the Cohen's d results, the effect size was found to be 0.58 for the pre-treatment, 0.84 for the 1st month, 2.56 for the 3rd month, 0.99 for the 6th month, and 3.029 for the 12th month. Based on these values, it can be observed that the effect size was moderate for the pre-treatment and high for the other treatment time points
^*p<0.05

ISSN: 1471-2474