Table 3 Comparisons of participants’ characteristics, radiographic measurements, and grades of hallux valgus severity between feet with and without self-recognition about hallux valgus

Age (years)

67.6 ± 11.2

63.6 ± 13.8

0.0183

65.9 ± 10.6

64.0 ± 12.5

0.0006

Height (cm)

166.1 ± 7.6

167.2 ± 6.6

0.1824

153.0 ± 6.6

153.7 ± 6.3

0.0367

Body weight (kg)

64.6 ± 11.1

66.1 ± 11.1

0.2811

52.6 ± 8.3

52.6 ± 9.2

0.9934

Body mass index (kg/m²)

23.4 ± 3.6

23.6 ± 3.3

0.6486

22.5 ± 3.1

22.3 ± 3.6

0.2934

HVA (degrees)

23.8 ± 9.6

13.8 ± 5.4

<  0.0001

26.0 ± 8.9

15.7 ± 5.9

<  0.0001

IPA (degrees)

12.9 ± 8.7

16.8 ± 4.4

<  0.0001

11.0 ± 7.4

16.0 ± 4.8

<  0.0001

IMA (degrees)

11.3 ± 4.0

7.9 ± 2.2

<  0.0001

11.1 ± 3.3

8.3 ± 2.1

< 0.0001

 Normal

25 (2.3%)

1067 (97.7%)^b

< 0.0001

141 (8.2%)

1570 (91.8%)^b

< 0.0001

 Mild

31 (16.5%)^b

157 (83.5%)

252 (34.1%)^b

488 (65.9%)

 Moderate

9 (41.0%)^b

13 (59.0%)

160 (80.0%)^b

40 (20.0%)

 Severe

6 (100%)^b

0 (0.0%)

33 (100%)^b

0 (0.0%)