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Table 1 Themes, subthemes and illustrating quotes mentioned as aspects of MQ observation

From: How clinicians analyze movement quality in patients with non-specific low back pain: a cross-sectional survey study with Dutch allied health care professionals

Themesb

Subthemes: Observation MQa

Subthemes: Interpretation MQa

Excerpts of the answers to Question I: ‘I look at ….’

1. Movement pattern

Observation: 469 codes,

46.3%

Interpretation: 85 codes,

8.4%

a. Movement pattern (169 codes)

 

‘The whole movement’

b. Position and interaction of:

- pelvis, vertebrae, trunk (115 codes)

- lower extremities (75 codes)

- upper extremities (29 codes)

‘Lumbopelvic rhythm’

‘Also with the relationship between leg, spine, and shoulder positioning’

‘The amount of the knee flexion’

‘Position of the shoulders’; ‘Whether the arms swing loosely’

c. Posture/alignment (25 codes)

‘Posture’; ‘Alignment’; ‘Total body position’

d. Muscle strength (28 codes)

‘Whether the patient’s legs or back are engaged in the movement’

e. Mobility of the joints (28 codes)

‘The ability of the joint to perform the specific movement’

 

f. Compensation (40 codes)

‘Compensatory movements’

g. Protection from pain and strain (23 codes)

‘Prevention of strain’

h. Functional movement (19 codes)

‘Goal achievement’

i. Conscious movement (3 codes)

‘When the patient is aware of the performance’

2. Motor control

Observation: 173 codes,

17.0%

Interpretation: 78 codes,

7.7%

a. Coordination (60 codes)

 

‘The cooperation of the muscles’

b. Balance (45 codes)

‘I look at balance’

c. Speed (44 codes)

‘Fast, slow’; ‘Speed of the action’

d. Symmetry (17 codes)

‘Asymmetric posture’

e. Respiration (7 codes)

‘How respiration is performed’

f. Fluency (78 codes)

‘Whether the movement is fluent, harmonious, stiff, limber, supple…?’

3. Environment

Observation: 51 codes,

5.0%

a. Used support (35 codes)

 

‘Whether the patient uses the armrest of the chair’

b. Use of assistive products or help (8 codes)

‘The use of devices’

c. Ergonomics (8 codes)

‘The distance from the person to the object that was picked up’

4. Non-verbal expressions

Interpretation: 89 codes,

8.8%

 

a. Pain (39 codes)

‘Whether someone moves without pain’

b. Body language (20 codes)

‘Facial expressions’

c. Exertion (24 codes)

‘The apparent difficulty of the movement’

  

d. Auditory signs (6 codes)

‘Verbal expressions of the patient’; ‘What do I hear (e.g. sigh, shuffle)?’

  1. aOf four daily life activities: sitting down and standing up from a chair, lifting, dressing and walking; bFrequency (percentage) of 1014 identified codes
  2. MQ movement quality, NS-LBP non-specific low back pain
  3. Description of non-observable aspects: 69 codes, 6.8%