Table 1 Summary of sample characteristics
Variable | All N = 439 n ((n/N) %) |
|---|---|
Age | |
 20–29 years | 26 (5.92) |
 30–39 years | 72 (16.40) |
 40–49 years | 118 (26.88) |
 50–59 years | 141 (32.12) |
 60–69 years | 82 (18.68) |
Gender | |
 Female | 323 (73.58) |
 Male | 116 (26.42) |
Radiation of pain into legs | |
 Yes | 110 (25.10) |
 No | 329 (74.90) |
Body mass index | |
 Normal (18–24.9 kg/m2) | 178 (40.55) |
 Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) | 160 (36.45) |
 Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | 87 (19.82) |
X-ray features | |
Disc space narrowing | |
 Grade 0 | 263 (59.91) |
 Grade 1 | 107 (24.37) |
 Grade 2 | 69 (15.72) |
Anterior osteophytes | |
 Grade 0 | 238 (54.21) |
 Grade 1 | 175 (39.86) |
 Grade 2 | 26 (5.92) |
Lumbar disc degeneration | |
 Grade 0 | 164 (37.36) |
 Grade 1 | 190 (43.28) |
 Grade 2 | 85 (19.36) |
Lumbar spondylolisthesis | |
 Yes | 51 (11.62) |
 No | 388 (88.38) |