Table 1 Differences between demographic and clinical variables in patients with hand joint destruction compared to those without hand joint destruction
From: Factors associated with hand joint destruction in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Variables | Overall sample (N = 161) | Non-hand joint destruction (Sharp score = 0; N = 85) | Hand joint destruction (Sharp score > 0; N = 76) | χ 2/t/z | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic factors | |||||
Female gender, no. (%) | 135 (83.9) | 69 (81.2) | 66 (86.8) | 0.95* | 0.329 |
Age, mean (SD) years | 53.7 (12.9) | 52.7 (13.7) | 54.8 (12.1) | −1.03** | 0.303 |
BMI, mean (SD) kg/m2 | 22.0 (3.4) | 22.3 (3.3) | 21.6 (3.5) | −1.29** | 0.198 |
Education, years, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | 5.58* | 0.018 |
  ≤ 9 years | 122 (75.8) | 58 (68.2) | 64 (84.2) |  |  |
  > 9 years | 39 (24.2) | 27 (31.8) | 12 (15.8) |  |  |
Employment status, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.01* | 0.946 |
 Employed | 97 (60.2) | 51 (60) | 46 (60.5) |  |  |
 Unemployed | 64 (39.8) | 34 (40) | 30 (39.5) |  |  |
Income/person/month, USD, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.28* | 0.599 |
  ≤ 435 USD | 144 (89.4) | 75 (88.2) | 69 (90.8) |  |  |
  > 435 USD | 17 (10.6) | 10 (11.8) | 7 (9.2) |  |  |
Personal health insurance, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.07* | 0.785 |
 Yes | 117 (72.7) | 61 (71.8) | 56 (73.7) |  |  |
 No | 44 (27.3) | 24 (28.2) | 20 (26.3) |  |  |
Tobacco usage, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | 2.42* | 0.120 |
 Yes | 17 (10.6) | 12 (14.1) | 5 (6.6) |  |  |
 No | 144 (89.4) | 73 (85.9) | 71 (93.4) |  |  |
Alcohol usage, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | 1.66* | 0.197 |
 Yes | 23 (14.3) | 15 (17.6) | 8 (10.6) |  |  |
 No | 138 (85.7) | 70 (82.4) | 68 (89.4) |  |  |
Clinical factors | |||||
Comorbidities, yes, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | 2.34* | 0.127 |
 Yes | 34 (21.1) | 14 (16.5) | 20 (26.3) |  |  |
 No | 127 (78.9) | 71 (83.5) | 56 (73.7) |  |  |
Disease duration, median (IQR) years | 4.1 (9) | 2 (4.5) | 9.5 (13.5) | −6.64 | <0.001 |
VAS pain (range 0–10), median (IQR) | 5 (6) | 3 (6) | 5 (6.5) | −1.05 | 0.294 |
DAS28-ESR, median (IQR) | 3.3 (1.7) | 2.9 (1.6) | 3.6 (1.8) | −3.35 | 0.001 |
DMARDs usage, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | 4.98* | 0.026 |
 Yes | 152 (94.4) | 77 (90.6) | 75 (98.7) |  |  |
 No | 9 (5.6) | 8 (9.4) | 1 (1.3) |  |  |
Corticosteroids usage, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | 9.32* | 0.002 |
 Yes | 92 (57.1) | 39 (45.9) | 53 (69.7) |  |  |
 No | 69 (42.9) | 46 (54.1) | 23 (30.3) |  |  |
Biologics usage, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.02* | 0.889 |
 Yes | 11 (6.8) | 3 (3.5) | 3 (3.9) |  |  |
 No | 150 (93.2) | 82 (96.5) | 73 (96.1) |  |  |
ESR, median (IQR) mm/h | 22 (38) | 20 (35.5) | 23.5 (50.5) | −0.90 | 0.367 |
CRP, median (IQR) mg/l | 7.5 (12.4) | 5.9 (13.6) | 8.2 (20.6) | −1.60 | 0.110 |
RF positive, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | 12.68* | <0.001 |
 Yes | 109 (67.7) | 47 (55.3) | 62 (81.9) |  |  |
 No | 52 (32.3) | 38 (44.7) | 14 (18.1) |  |  |
Anti-CCP antibody positive, no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | 15.45* | <0.001 |
 Yes | 104 (64.6) | 43 (50.6) | 61 (80.3) |  |  |
 No | 57 (35.4) | 42 (49.4) | 15 (19.7) |  |  |