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Table 6 Prevalence Ratios (PR) of the 7-day prevalence of symptoms

From: Risk assessment of manual handling operations at work with the key indicator method (KIM-MHO) — determination of criterion validity regarding the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and clinical conditions within a cross-sectional study

Body regions by gender*

Risk category 1 (Reference)

Employees in jobs with low MHO, < 10 points KIM-MHO

Risk category 2

Employees in jobs with MHO, 10 – 24 points KIM-MHO

Risk category 3

Employees in jobs with MHO, 25 – 49 points KIM-MHO

Risk category 4

Employees in jobs with MHO, ≥ 50 points KIM-MHO

Women

n = 306

n = 75

n = 59

n = 73

 neck/cervical spine

1 (ref.)

0.8 (0.5 – 1.3)

1.5 (1.0 – 2.1)

1.8 (1.3 – 2.3)

 shoulder/upper arm

1 (ref.)

1.0 (0.6 – 1.6)

1.8 (1.2 – 2.7)

1.9 (1.3 – 2.8)

 elbow/forearm

1 (ref.)

0.6 (0.1 – 2.8)

3.3 (1.5 – 7.2)

4.5 (2.3 – 8.7)

 hand/wrist

1 (ref.)

0.5 (0.2 – 1.7)

3.0 (1.7 – 5.3)

4.2 (2.6 – 6.9)

 lower back/lumbar spine

1 (ref.)

0.8 (0.4 – 1.7)

2.5 (1.6 – 4.0)

2.2 (1.4 – 3.5)

Men

n = 498

n = 173

n = 23

n = 239

 neck/cervical spine

1 (ref.)

0.8 (0.5 – 1.2)

1.0 (0.4 – 2.5)

1.2 (0.9 – 1.7)

 shoulder/upper arm

1 (ref.)

0.8 (0.5 – 1.3)

2.3 (1.2 – 4.4)

1.9 (1.3 – 2.7)

 elbow/forearm

1 (ref.)

0.9 (0.4 – 1.9)

2.4 (0.8 – 7.3)

3.3 (2.1 – 5.4)

 hand/wrist

1 (ref.)

1.2 (0.6 – 2.3)

5.5 (2.7 – 11.3)

5.5 (3.5 – 8.5)

 lower back/lumbar spine

1 (ref.)

1.6 (0.9 – 2.7)

4.9 (2.5 – 9.4)

4.7 (3.1 – 7.1)

  1. *Prevalence Ratios of symptoms stratified by exposure to manual handling operations (MHO) according to KIM-MHO risk categories. Significant values are marked in bold letters
  2. [Prevalence Ratios, 95%-CI. Log-linear Poisson regression, robust estimation of variance. One model per body region stratified by gender. Each model adjusted by age, body-mass-index and body height]