Table 1 Characteristics of women with PGP or PGP plus LBP and women with no PGP before inclusion in RCT in pregnancy
Variable | PGP or PGP + LBP (n = 37) | No PGP (n = 290) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Treatment in RCT | |||
 Standard treatment | 11 (29.7 %) | 77 (26.6 %) |  |
 Standard treatment + Acupuncture | 14 (37.8 %) | 129 (44.5 %) |  |
 Standard treatment + Specific stabilising exercises | 4 (10.8 %) | 56 (19.3 %) |  |
 Standard treatment + Craniosacral therapy | 8 (21.6 %) | 28 (9.7 %) | 0.11 |
Age, years | 30.0 (23.0; 39.0) | 31.0 (20.0; 43.0) | 0.40 |
n = 37 | n = 289 | ||
BMI before pregnancy | 22.6 (19.7; 34.2) | 23.2 (18.0; 38.4) | 0.99 |
n = 23 | n = 115 | ||
Age at menarche, years | 13.0 (10.0; 15.0) | 13.0 (9.0; 16.0) | 0.63 |
n = 32 | n = 248 | ||
Previous LBP | 24 (64.9Â %) | 127 (44.7Â %) | 0.032 |
Women on sick-leave due to PGP | 13 (35.1Â %) | 143 (50.0Â %) | 0.13 |
Severity of PGP | |||
 No complaints, PGP do not affect ability to work | 1 (2.7 %) | 5 (1.8 %) |  |
 Moderate complaints, PGP only affect ability to work sporadically | 5 (13.5 %) | 67 (23.8 %) |  |
 Not insignificant, cannot do some parts of my work | 15 (40.5 %) | 90 (32.0 %) |  |
 Severe, can almost not work | 12 (32.4 %) | 79 (28.1 %) |  |
 Severe, cannot work at all | 4 (10.8 %) | 40 (14.2 %) | 0.80 |
Tests for assessment of PGP before inclusion in the RCT | |||
Pain provocation tests | |||
 P4 test | 37 (100.0 %) | 283 (97.6 %) | 0.86 |
 Symphysis pressure test | 22 (59.5 %) | 121 (42.2 %) | 0.070 |
 Patrick Faber test | 27 (73.0 %) | 159 (54.8 %) | 0.051 |
 Modified Trendelenburg test | 22 (59.5 %) | 116 (40.0 %) | 0.039 |
Number of bilateral positive pain provocation tests | |||
 0 | 0 (0.0 %) | 3 (1.0 %) |  |
 1 | 6 (16.2 %) | 58 (20.0 %) |  |
 2 | 6 (16.2 %) | 107 (36.9 %) |  |
 3 | 10 (27.0 %) | 81 (27.9 %) |  |
 4 | 15 (40.5 %) | 41 (14.1 %) | 0.0013 |
Functional test | Â | Â | Â |
ASLR test (sum of scores) | 3.00 (0.00; 8.00) | 3.00 (0.00; 10.00) | 0.35 |
n = 23 | n = 116 | ||
Subgroups of pelvic girdle pain | Â | Â | Â |
 Solely symphysiolysis | 0 (0.0 %) | 5 (1.7 %) | 1.00 |
 One sided sacroiliac pain | 3 (8.1 %) | 37 (12.8 %) | 0.61 |
 One sided sacroiliac pain + symphyseal pain | 6 (16.2 %) | 39 (13.4 %) | 0.80 |
 Double sided sacroiliac pain | 12 (32.4 %) | 118 (40.7 %) | 0.43 |
 Pelvic girdle syndrome | 16 (43.2 %) | 91 (31.4 %) | 0.21 |
Pain related to motion | |||
 In the morning, VAS | 31.0 (8.0; 92.0) | 26.5 (0.0; 96.0 | 0.089 |
 In the evening, VAS | 62.0 (5.0; 93.0) | 62.8 (6.0; 100.0) | 0.30 |
n = 37 | n = 288 | ||
Unpleasantness of PGP, VAS | 63.0 (20.0; 100.0) | 73.0 (0.0; 100.0) | 0.068 |
n = 30 | n = 200 | ||
DRI | 50.0 (23.0; 100.0) | 59.0 (11.0; 100.0) | 0.11 |
n = 37 | n = 279 | ||
EQ-VAS | 40.0 (25.0; 100.0) | 50.0 (20.0; 99.0) | 0.37 |
n = 23 | n = 113 | ||
EQ-5D score | 0.620 (-0.016; 0.760) | 0.620 (-0.074; 0.796) | 0.23 |
n = 23 | n = 112 | ||
Education level | Â | Â | Â |
 Primary school | 0 (0.0 %) | 5 (2.0 %) |  |
 Secondary school | 11 (33.3 %) | 64 (25.3 %) |  |
 College | 5 (15.2 %) | 21 (8.3 %) |  |
 University degree | 17 (51.5 %) | 163 (64.4 %) | 0.37 |
No or rare ability to take rest breaks at work | 4 (13.8Â %) | 68 (29.8Â %) | 0.18 |
Physical activity ≥30 minutes during leisure before pregnancy, days/week | |||
 0 | 3 (9.1 %) | 8 (3.2 %) |  |
 1 | 1 (3.0 %) | 20 (7.9 %) |  |
 2 | 3 (9.1 %) | 43 (17.1 %) |  |
 3 | 7 (21.2 %) | 57 (22.6 %) |  |
 4 | 5 (15.2 %) | 31 (12.3 %) |  |
 5 | 3 (9.1 %) | 37 (14.7 %) |  |
 6 | 2 (6.1 %) | 13 (5.2 %) |  |
 7 | 9 (27.3 %) | 43 (17.1 %) | 0.35 |