Pedicle screw fixation and posterior fusion for lumbar degenerative diseases: effects on individual paraspinal muscles and lower back pain; a single-center, prospective study

Table 4 Changes in lower back pain for each group: significance (P)

Parameter	Preop	PO#3 M	PO#6 M	PO#12 M	PO#18 M
Group I
VAS	4.49 ± 0.65	6.95 ± 0.84	4.77 ± 1.12	1.21 ± 0.66	0.67 ± 0.54
Preop vs PO		<0.0001	0.0620	<0.0001	<0.0001
Previous PO vs ultimate PO			0.0047	<0.0001	0.0325
ODI	15.14 ± 3.93	25.42 ± 3.47	14.29 ± 4.25	4.99 ± 2.33	1.89 ± 0.48
Preop vs PO		<0.0001	0.7530	<0.0001	<0.0001
Previous PO vs ultimate PO			<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Group II
VAS	4.11 ± 0.90	7.28 ± 0.75	6.39 ± 1.38	5.61 ± 1.65	3.44 ± 1.69
Preop vs PO		<0.0001	0.0110	0.0390	0.0414
Previous PO vs ultimate PO			0.5540	0.8750	0.0120
ODI	14.06 ± 2.58	28.00 ± 4.78	24.17 ± 4.64	19.28 ± 3.79	9.17 ± 3.76
Preop vs PO		<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0012	<0.0001
Previous PO vs ultimate PO			0.0310	0.0210	<0.0001

Preop and POM 3, 6, 12, and 18 indicate “preoperatively” and “at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months, postoperatively,” respectively. PO indicates postoperative, VAS visual analogue scale, ODI Oswestry Disability Index

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