Table 2 Ranking of criteria based on group means of the BSCOS members. Shown are means with standard deviations in parentheses
Criterion | Mean (SD) |
|---|---|
Physical Examination | |
Ortolani test positive | 9.1 (1.1) |
Barlow test positive | 8.6 (1.8) |
Asymmetry in abduction ≥20° | 8.4 (1.7) |
Abduction limited to ≤45° | 7.9 (2.0) |
Leg-length discrepancy/Galeazzi sign | 7.9 (2.7) |
Any asymmetry of hip abduction | 7.8 (2.1) |
Abduction limited to ≤60° | 6.4 (2.5) |
Torticollis | 5.2 (2.7) |
Abduction limited to ≤70° | 5.2 (2.8) |
Flexible foot deformities | 5.0 (2.9) |
Congenital clubfoot or other fixed foot deformities | 4.0 (2.8) |
Asymmetry of groin or skin crease(s) | 3.2 (2.8) |
Hip click | 2.5 (2.1) |
Ultrasound | |
Dislocatable hip (dynamic exam) | 8.1 (2.5) |
α angle <45° (static exam) | 7.7 (3.1) |
Femoral head displaced anatomically with no congruency on stress test | 7.6 (3.2) |
α angle <50° (static exam) | 7.2 (3.0) |
Femoral head coverage ≤45 % (static exam) | 7.0 (2.8) |
α angle <55° (static exam) | 6.4 (2.8) |
Femoral head coverage ≤50 % (static exam) | 6.0 (2.8) |
α angle <60° (static exam) | 5.4 (3.0) |
Displacement of femoral head >2 mm from medial aspect of acetabulum on dynamic exam | 4.9 (3.2) |
Femoral head coverage ≤60 % (static exam) | 4.3 (3.1) |
Femoral head coverage ≤70 % (static exam) | 3.3 (3.1) |
Patient characteristics and history | |
First degree relative treated for DDH | 7.4 (2.2) |
Breech presentation | 7.2 (2.3) |
Breech positioning in-utero but born by vertex delivery | 5.8 (2.8) |
Family history of DDH | 5.7 (2.6) |
Oligohydramnios | 4.5 (2.6) |
First born baby girl | 4.4 (2.9) |
Female gender | 4.2 (2.8) |
Birth weight >4000 g (8.8 lbs) | 3.4 (2.5) |
Born by caesarian section | 3.2 (2.6) |
Multiparous mother | 3.1 (2.7) |
Radiography | |
Midpoint of the femoral metaphysis lateral to Perkins line | 4.6 (3.5) |
Acetabular index >30° at 8 weeks | 2.7 (2.8) |
Acetabular index >25°at 8 weeks | 2.0 (2.3) |