Table 2 Active joint mobility of the foot-ankle complex in all reference planes: columns 2–4 show mean values and standard deviations, expressed in degrees; columns 5–7 show t values obtained from the comparisons of C vs D, C vs DN and D vs DN (ANOVA with Bonferroni correction, p < 0.05, t critical value = 2.355).

Dorsal flexion (p = 0.000)

34.4(8.3)

29.8 (6.4) *

27.3 (5.8) *

3.034

4.355

1.658

Plantar flexion (p = 0.000)

40.1 (7.0)

36.4 (5.1)

32.4 (7.1) *

2.222

4.209

2.291

Range (p = 0.000)

74.6 (13.6)

66.2 (11.3) *

59.6 (10.1) *

3.011

4.994

2.302

External rotation (p = 0.003)

41.8 (7.1)

34.6 (13.5) *

35.0 (10.0) *

3.222

2.779

0.192

Internal rotation (p = 0.000)

39.0 (7.4)

30.1 (14.6) *

28.9 (10.1) *

3.784

3.925

0.473

Range (p = 0.000)

80.8 (12.3)

64.7 (27.4) *

64.0 (18.3) *

3.710

3.553

0.159

Eversion (p = 0.018)

15.3 (5.1)

16.2 (6.8)

12.4 (4.9) §

0.688

2.044

2.830

Inversion (p = 0.707)

30.8 (6.9)

30.0 (10.4)

31.5 (8.1)

-

-

0.820

Range (p = 0.613)

46.2 (9.5)

46.2 (14.4)

43.9 (11.0)

-

-

0.901