Table 2 Measures collected in the trial

Peak external knee adduction moment

3-D motion analysis and force plate system average of 5 walking trials at self-selected speed

Gait Analysis

Peak external hip adduction moment

3-D motion analysis and force plate system average of 5 walking trials at self-selected speed

Peak pelvic obliquity and lateral trunk lean angle

3-D motion analysis and force plate system average of 5 walking trials at self-selected speed

Strength

Isometric muscle strength of hip abductors, adductors, flexors, and rotators

Hand held dynamometer

Isometric quadriceps muscle strength

KinCom dynamometer

Symptoms

Pain, stiffness and physical function in past 48 hours

WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index – Likert version

Average pain over past week in standing, walking and overall

11 point horizontal numeric rating scale (end descriptors of 0 = no pain and 10 = worst pain possible)

Average restriction over past week in activities of daily living

11 point horizontal numeric rating scale (end descriptors of 0 = no restriction and 10 = maximum restriction)

Perceived rating of change for pain and for function over 12 week trial

Ordinal scale (1-much worse, 2-slightly worse, 3-no change, 4-slightly better, 5-much better) at study completion

Function

Standing balance

Step test number of times can step foot up and down off 15 cm step in 15 secs

Overall function

Timed stair ascent and descent

Physical activity levels

Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE)

Compliance (exercise group only)

Number of physiotherapy visits Completion of home exercises via log-book

Adverse effects

Log-book and open probe questioning