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Table 5 Twin-control study. Odds ratios for the twin with LBP in 1994 of being exposed to the investigated risk factor in that same year. Based on monozygotic twin pairs, discordant for LBP at all in 1994 (413 pairs).

From: Are lifestyle-factors in adolescence predictors for adult low back pain? A cross-sectional and prospective study of young twins

 

The twin without LBP in 1994

The twin with LBP in 1994

Smoking at baseline OR (95%CI)

1.00

1.26 (0.70–2.28)

Alcohol consumption at baseline OR (95%CI)

1.00

1.79 (0.89–3.72)

Overweight at baseline OR (95%CI)

1.00

1.75 (0.82–3.90)