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Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression analyses including age, sex and binary data of the three investigated predictor variables. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for LBP. Statistically significant findings indicated in bold:

From: Are lifestyle-factors in adolescence predictors for adult low back pain? A cross-sectional and prospective study of young twins

 

1994 LBP >30 days past year. n = 588

2002 LBP >30 days past year. n = 636

2002 LBP > 30 days past year in incidence cases* n = 314

Smoking

n = 1,960

Ref: non-smokers

1.77 (1.44–2.17)

1.69 (1.36–2.11)

1.88 (1.32–2.69)

Alcohol consumption

n = 5,349

Ref: Non-drinkers

1.66 (1.20–2.31)

0.74 (0.58–0.94)

0.87 (0.61–1.23)

Overweight

n = 963

Ref: BMI<24

1.38 (1.06–1.79)

1.12 (0.84–1.49)

1.43 (0.90–1.01)

  1. * No LBP in 1994.